Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public, Health, Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Public Health of Valencia, 21 Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 Doctor Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public, Health, Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jul 1;628-629:302-309. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.330. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
We present a new approach to arsenic (As) risk assessment using biomonitoring. In this pilot study we determined the levels of total and speciated urinary arsenicin 109 Spanish school children aged between 6 and 11 years, and interpreted these concentrations in a risk assessment context. The geometric mean (GM) for total As (TAs) was 33.82 μ/L. The order of occurrence and average concentrations of the different species was arsenobetaine (AsB) (100%, 15 μg/L), dimethylarsinic (DMA) (97%, 8.32 μg/L), monomethylarsonic (MMA) (26%, 0.27 μg/L) and inorganic As (iAs) (4%, 0.14 μg/L). 18% of children presented exposures to inorganic arsenic (7.52 μg/g creatinine) higher than guidance value for non-cancer risk (8.3 μg/g creatinine). For cancer risk the exposure to inorganic arsenic was much higher than the guidance value. Urinary DMA was positively associated with urinary AsB, suggesting exposure directly to this specie or metabolism of organic arsenicals to this specie, mainly through seafood consumption. Consequently, the exposure to inorganic As needs to be carefully interpreted because it may be overestimated. Our study supports the hypothesis that urinary iAs + MMA is the most reliable biomarker of exposure to inorganic As.
我们提出了一种利用生物监测进行砷（As）风险评估的新方法。在这项初步研究中，我们测定了 109 名年龄在 6 至 11 岁之间的西班牙学童尿液中总砷和形态砷的含量，并在风险评估背景下解释了这些浓度。总砷（TAs）的几何平均值（GM）为 33.82μg/L。不同物种的出现顺序和平均浓度为砷甜菜碱（AsB）（100%，15μg/L）、二甲基砷酸（DMA）（97%，8.32μg/L）、一甲基砷酸（MMA）（26%，0.27μg/L）和无机砷（iAs）（4%，0.14μg/L）。18%的儿童接触无机砷（7.52μg/g 肌酐）的水平高于非癌症风险的指导值（8.3μg/g 肌酐）。对于癌症风险，无机砷的暴露水平远高于指导值。尿 DMA 与尿 AsB 呈正相关，表明直接接触该物质或有机砷类物质代谢为该物质，主要通过海鲜摄入。因此，需要仔细解释无机砷的暴露情况，因为它可能被高估了。我们的研究支持这样一种假设，即尿 iAs+MMA 是接触无机砷的最可靠生物标志物。
