Health Surveillance Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Bélem, Pará, Brasil.
Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Feb 15;12(2):e0006282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006282. eCollection 2018 Feb.
Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world and is associated with precarious living conditions in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of trachoma in three municipalities of the Marajó Archipelago, located in the state of Pará, Brazil. In 2008, 2,054 schoolchildren from the public primary school system of the urban area of the region and their communicants were clinically examined; in 2016, 1,502 schoolchildren were examined. The positive cases seen during the clinical evaluation were confirmed by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) laboratory tests. The presence of antibodies against the genus Chlamydia was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and the serotypes were determined by microimmunofluorescence (MIF). In 2008, the prevalence of trachoma among schoolchildren was 3.4% (69 cases) and it was more frequent in children between six and nine years of age and in females; among the communicants, a prevalence of 16.5% was observed. In 2016, three cases of trachoma were diagnosed (prevalence of 0.2%), found only in the municipality of Soure. The results of the present study showed that in 2008, trachoma had a low prevalence (3.4%) among schoolchildren in the urban area of Marajó Archipelago; eight years after the first evaluation and the introduction of control and prevention measures (SAFE strategy), there was a drastic reduction in the number of cases (0.2%), demonstrating the need for constant monitoring and effective measures for the elimination of trachoma.
沙眼是世界上导致失明的主要传染病，与发展中国家不稳定的生活条件有关。本研究的目的是评估巴西帕拉州马拉若岛三个市沙眼的流行情况。2008 年，对该地区城区公立小学系统的 2054 名小学生及其接触者进行了临床检查；2016 年，对 1502 名小学生进行了检查。临床评估中发现的阳性病例通过直接免疫荧光（DIF）实验室检测得到确认。通过间接免疫荧光（IIF）评估针对衣原体属的抗体存在情况，并通过微量免疫荧光（MIF）确定血清型。2008 年，小学生沙眼患病率为 3.4%（69 例），6-9 岁儿童和女性更为常见；接触者中，沙眼患病率为 16.5%。2016 年，仅在苏里市诊断出 3 例沙眼（患病率为 0.2%）。本研究结果表明，2008 年马拉若岛城区小学生沙眼患病率较低（3.4%）；首次评估和引入控制和预防措施（SAFE 策略）8 年后，病例数急剧减少（0.2%），表明需要持续监测和采取有效措施消除沙眼。
