2019 年，在埃塞俄比亚西北部的德布雷塔博镇，学龄儿童中活动性沙眼的流行情况及相关因素：一项基于社区的横断面研究。
Prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among school age children in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: a community based cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Institutes of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Ital J Pediatr. 2022 May 3;48(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s13052-022-01258-x.
BACKGROUND
Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydial trachomatis. It is a major health problem in poor nations, notably in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the severity of the problem, there was a scarcity of data on trachoma prevalence and associated factors among school-aged children in Debre Tabor town following SAFE and MDA.
OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of active trachoma and its associated factors among school-aged children in Debre Tabor, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2019.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was used among school-aged children. Structured interview questionnaires, an observational checklist, and a physical examination were used to collect data from study participants who were chosen using a systematic random sampling procedure. IBM SPSS 20 was used to enter data, which was then transferred to IBM SPSS 20 for bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
RESULT
A total of 394 children aged 5-15 had been screened and took part in the study, with 9.9% (95% CI: 6.9, 12.7) testing positive for active trachoma. Having an unimproved larine type (AOR = 5.18; 95%CI: 1.96, 13.69), improper solid waste disposal (AOR = 3.026; 95%CI: 1.17, 7.8), family size greater than four (AOR = 3.4; 95%CI: 1.22, 9.49), not using soap for face washing (AOR = 4.48; 95%CI: 1.46, 13.72) and an unclean face of the child during examination (AOR = 23.93; 95%CI: 8.25, 69.38) were found to be significant predictors of active trachoma.
CONCLUSION
Active trachoma among school-age children was high compared to the WHO's definition of trachoma as a public health problem. A family size of four, poor solid waste management, an unimproved type of latrine, an unclean child's face, and not using soap when washing one's face were all significant predictors of active trachoma. Promotion of behavioral determinants through health education programs like keeping facial cleanliness by washing their child's face with soap, managing solid waste properly, and installing improved latrines to reduce active trachoma needs to be in place.
背景
沙眼是由衣原体沙眼引起的传染性眼病。它是贫穷国家的一个主要健康问题，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲。尽管问题严重，但在 SAFE 和 MDA 之后，关于德布雷塔博尔镇学龄儿童沙眼患病率及其相关因素的数据仍然匮乏。
目的
本研究旨在确定 2019 年在埃塞俄比亚西北部德布雷塔博尔镇学龄儿童中活动性沙眼的患病率及其相关因素。
方法
采用社区为基础的横断面研究方法，对学龄儿童进行研究。使用结构化访谈问卷、观察检查表和体格检查从使用系统随机抽样程序选择的研究参与者中收集数据。使用 IBM SPSS 20 输入数据，然后将数据转移到 IBM SPSS 20 进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析。
结果
共筛查了 394 名 5-15 岁的儿童，其中 9.9%（95%CI：6.9，12.7）检测出活动性沙眼呈阳性。存在未经改良的林型（AOR=5.18；95%CI：1.96，13.69）、不当固体废物处理（AOR=3.026；95%CI：1.17，7.8）、家庭规模大于 4 人（AOR=3.4；95%CI：1.22，9.49）、不用肥皂洗脸（AOR=4.48；95%CI：1.46，13.72）和检查时儿童面部不洁（AOR=23.93；95%CI：8.25，69.38）均为活动性沙眼的显著预测因素。
结论
与世界卫生组织将沙眼定义为公共卫生问题相比，学龄儿童的活动性沙眼发生率较高。家庭规模为 4 人、固体废物管理不善、未经改良的厕所类型、儿童面部不洁以及洗脸时不用肥皂均为活动性沙眼的显著预测因素。需要通过健康教育计划促进行为决定因素，例如用肥皂给孩子洗脸保持面部清洁、妥善处理固体废物以及安装改良的厕所来减少活动性沙眼的发生。
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