Mauss Daniel, Herr Raphael M, Theorell Töres, Angerer Peter, Li Jian
1Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany.
2Institute for Stress Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2018 Feb 13;13:7. doi: 10.1186/s12995-018-0188-7. eCollection 2018.
The Demand Control Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) is an established self-reported tool to measure a stressful work environment. Validated German and English versions are however currently missing. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the psychometric properties of German and English versions of the DCSQ among white-collar employees in Switzerland and the US.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 499 employees in Switzerland and 411 in the US, respectively. The 17-item DCSQ with three scales assessed psychosocial stress at work (psychological demands, decision latitude, and social support at work). Depressive symptoms were measured by the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Cronbach's α and item-total correlations tested the scale reliability (internal consistency). Construct validity of the questionnaire was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Logistic regressions estimated associations of each scale and job strain with depressive symptoms (criterion validity).
In both samples, all DCSQ scales presented satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.72; item-total correlations ≥ 0.33), and EFA showed the 17 items loading on three factors, which is in line with the theoretically assumed structure of the DCSQ construct. Moreover, all three scales as well as high job strain were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The associations were stronger in the US sample.
The German and the English versions of the DCSQ seem to be reliable and valid instruments to measure psychosocial stress based on the job demand-control-support model in the workplace of white-collar employees in Switzerland and the US.
需求控制支持问卷（DCSQ）是一种既定的自我报告工具，用于衡量工作压力环境。然而，目前缺少经过验证的德语和英语版本。因此，本研究的目的是评估瑞士和美国白领员工中DCSQ德语和英语版本的心理测量特性。
本横断面研究分别对瑞士的499名员工和美国的411名员工进行。包含三个量表的17项DCSQ评估了工作中的心理社会压力（心理需求、决策自由度和工作中的社会支持）。通过2项患者健康问卷测量抑郁症状。克朗巴哈α系数和项目总分相关性检验量表的信度（内部一致性）。使用探索性因素分析（EFA）检验问卷的结构效度。逻辑回归估计每个量表和工作压力与抑郁症状的关联（效标效度）。
在两个样本中，所有DCSQ量表均呈现出令人满意的内部一致性（克朗巴哈α系数≥0.72；项目总分相关性≥0.33），EFA显示17个项目加载在三个因素上，这与DCSQ结构的理论假设结构一致。此外，所有三个量表以及高工作压力均与抑郁症状显著相关。在美国样本中，这种关联更强。
DCSQ的德语和英语版本似乎是可靠且有效的工具，可用于衡量瑞士和美国白领员工工作场所中基于工作需求 - 控制 - 支持模型的心理社会压力。
