Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 16;8(1):3151. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21377-y.
Arabidopsis thaliana Toxicos en Levadura (ATL) proteins are a subclass of the RING-H2 zinc finger binding E3 ubiquitin ligases. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) ATL family was recently characterized, revealing 96 members that are likely to be involved in several physiological processes through protein ubiquitination. However, the final targets and biological functions of most ATL E3 ligases are still unknown. We analyzed the co-expression networks among grapevine ATL genes across a set of transcriptomic data related to defense and abiotic stress, combined with a condition-independent dataset. This revealed strong correlations between ATL proteins and diverse signal transduction components and transcriptional regulators, in particular those involved in immunity. An enrichment analysis of cis-regulatory elements in ATL gene promoters and related co-expressed genes highlighted the importance of hormones in the regulation of ATL gene expression. Our work identified several ATL proteins as candidates for further studies aiming to decipher specific grapevine resistance mechanisms activated in response to pathogens.
拟南芥酵母毒素（ATL）蛋白是 RING-H2 锌指结合 E3 泛素连接酶的一个亚类。最近对葡萄（Vitis vinifera）ATL 家族进行了表征，发现了 96 个成员，这些成员可能通过蛋白质泛素化参与了几个生理过程。然而，大多数 ATL E3 连接酶的最终靶标和生物学功能仍然未知。我们分析了一组与防御和非生物胁迫相关的转录组数据中葡萄 ATL 基因之间的共表达网络，同时结合了一个无条件数据集。这表明 ATL 蛋白与不同的信号转导成分和转录调节因子之间存在强烈的相关性，特别是那些与免疫相关的调节因子。对 ATL 基因启动子和相关共表达基因中的顺式调控元件进行富集分析，强调了激素在调节 ATL 基因表达中的重要性。我们的工作确定了几个 ATL 蛋白作为候选蛋白，进一步研究旨在破译葡萄对病原体激活的特定抗性机制。
