Montana State University, Department of Animal and Range Science, Bozeman, MT, USA.
Integrated Food Animal Systems, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 16;8(1):3197. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21440-8.
The impact of maternal microbial influences on the early choreography of the neonatal calf microbiome were investigated. Luminal content and mucosal scraping samples were collected from ten locations in the calf gastrointestinal tract (GIT) over the first 21 days of life, along with postpartum maternal colostrum, udder skin, and vaginal scrapings. Microbiota were found to vary by anatomical location, between the lumen and mucosa at each GIT location, and differentially enriched for maternal vaginal, skin, and colostral microbiota. Most calf sample sites exhibited a gradual increase in α-diversity over the 21 days beginning the first few days after birth. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was greater in the proximal GIT, while Bacteroidetes were greater in the distal GIT. Proteobacteria exhibited greater relative abundances in mucosal scrapings relative to luminal content. Forty-six percent of calf luminal microbes and 41% of mucosal microbes were observed in at-least one maternal source, with the majority being shared with microbes on the skin of the udder. The vaginal microbiota were found to harbor and uniquely share many common and well-described fibrolytic rumen bacteria, as well as methanogenic archaea, potentially indicating a role for the vagina in populating the developing rumen and reticulum with microbes important to the nutrition of the adult animal.
本研究旨在探讨母体微生物对新生牛犊早期微生物组编排的影响。在出生后的头 21 天内，从牛犊胃肠道（GIT）的十个部位采集腔内容物和黏膜刮取物样本，以及产后的母体初乳、乳房皮肤和阴道刮取物样本。研究发现，微生物组存在解剖位置差异，在每个 GIT 部位的腔和黏膜之间存在差异，并且母体阴道、皮肤和初乳微生物组差异丰富。大多数牛犊样本部位在出生后的头几天开始的 21 天内，α多样性逐渐增加。厚壁菌门在近端 GIT 中更为丰富，而拟杆菌门在远端 GIT 中更为丰富。与腔内容物相比，黏膜刮取物中变形菌门的相对丰度更高。46%的牛犊腔微生物和 41%的黏膜微生物在至少一个母体来源中被观察到，其中大多数与乳房皮肤的微生物共享。阴道微生物组中含有并独特地共享了许多常见且描述良好的纤维分解瘤胃细菌，以及产甲烷古菌，这可能表明阴道在为发育中的瘤胃和网胃填充对成年动物营养很重要的微生物方面发挥作用。
