Integrated Food Animal Management Systems, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Integrated Food Animal Management Systems, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
Microb Pathog. 2018 Aug;121:27-39. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.007. Epub 2018 May 6.
Cross fostering is employed to equalize the number of piglet between litters ensuring colostrum intake for their survival and growth. However, little is known about the impact of cross fostering on the intestinal microbiota and mucosal immune gene expression of the neonatal pig. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of maternal microbial communities on the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and mucosal immune gene expression in young pigs reared in a cross-fostering model. Piglets were given high quality colostrum from birth dam or foster dam upon birth. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned at birth to 1 of 3 treatments according to colostrum source and postcolostral milk feeding during, as follow: treatment 1 (n = 8), received colostrum and post-colostral milk feeding from their own dam; treatment 2 (n = 8), received colostrum from foster dam and returned to their own dam for post-colostral milk feeding; and treatment 3 (n = 8), received colostrum and post-colostral milk feeding from foster dam. Genomic DNA was extracted, and the V1-V3 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was also performed to quantify the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, TLR 4, TLR 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin (IL) 4 and IL 10. Data analysis revealed that microbial communities were varied according to the GI biogeographical location, with colon being the most diverse section. Bacterial communities in both maternal colostrum and vaginal samples were significantly associated with those present in the fecal samples of piglets. Cross-fostering did not affect bacterial communities present in the piglet GI tract. However, the mRNA expression of TLR and inflammatory cytokines changed (P < 0.05) with biogeographical location in the GI tract. Higher mRNA expression of TLR and inflammatory cytokines was observed in ileum and ileum associated lymph tissues. This study suggests an impact of colostrum and maternal microbial communities on the microbiota development and mucosal immune gene expression in the newly born piglet. This study revealed novel information about the distribution and expression patterns of TLR and inflammatory cytokines in the GI tract of the young pig. Future studies are needed to determine the role and clinical importance of the mucosal microbiota and mucosal gene expression in health, productivity, and susceptibility to the development of GI disease, in piglets.
交叉寄养用于平衡每窝仔猪的数量，以确保仔猪获得初乳，从而实现存活和生长。然而，人们对交叉寄养对新生仔猪肠道微生物群和黏膜免疫基因表达的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在确定母源微生物群落在接受交叉寄养模型饲养的仔猪胃肠道（GI）微生物群和黏膜免疫基因表达中的影响。仔猪出生时即从出生的母源或寄养母源获得高质量的初乳。24 头仔猪出生时根据初乳来源和产后哺乳，随机分为 3 种处理中的 1 种，如下所示：处理 1（n=8），接受自身母源的初乳和产后哺乳；处理 2（n=8），接受寄养母源的初乳，然后返回自身母源接受产后哺乳；处理 3（n=8），接受寄养母源的初乳和产后哺乳。提取基因组 DNA，使用 Illumina MiSeq 平台扩增和测序细菌 16S rRNA 基因的 V1-V3 高变区。还进行了定量实时 PCR 分析，以定量测定 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 2、TLR 4、TLR 10、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNFα)、干扰素-γ (IFNγ) 和白细胞介素 (IL) 4 和 IL 10 的表达。数据分析显示，微生物群落根据 GI 的生物地理位置而变化，其中结肠是最具多样性的部分。母源初乳和阴道样本中的细菌群落与仔猪粪便样本中的细菌群落显著相关。交叉寄养不影响仔猪 GI 道中存在的细菌群落。然而，TLR 和炎症细胞因子的 mRNA 表达随 GI 道的生物地理位置而变化（P<0.05）。在回肠和回肠相关淋巴组织中观察到 TLR 和炎症细胞因子的 mRNA 表达更高。本研究表明，初乳和母源微生物群落在新生仔猪的微生物群发育和黏膜免疫基因表达中具有影响。本研究揭示了 TLR 和炎症细胞因子在仔猪 GI 道中的分布和表达模式的新信息。未来的研究需要确定黏膜微生物群和黏膜基因表达在仔猪健康、生产力和对 GI 疾病发展的易感性中的作用和临床重要性。
