Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1048:59-69. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_4.
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercially available products and as biomedicinal materials could lead to increasing contact of human blood vessels with NPs, and it is necessary to assess the potential adverse effects of NPs to cells lining blood vessels. Of them, endothelial cells (ECs) are of particular relevance as they play a crucial role in the regulation of function of blood vessels. In this book chapter, I discussed studies that used human ECs to study the toxicity and mechanisms of NPs. It has been shown that exposure of human ECs to NPs could lead to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, endothelial activation and impaired NO signaling. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by NPs have been suggested as the mechanisms associated with the toxicity of NPs to ECs, and a three-tier model has been proposed to explain the association between NP induced oxidative stress and toxicity. In recent years, dysfunction of autophagy (excessive autophagy induction) has also been suggested as one of the mechanisms associated with the toxicity of NPs to human ECs. In the future, it is necessary to use human ECs to assess the toxicity of NPs to better understand the potential adverse effects of NPs entering circulation.
纳米颗粒（NPs）在市售产品和生物医学材料中的应用可能导致人体血管与 NPs 的接触越来越多，因此有必要评估 NPs 对血管内皮细胞的潜在不良影响。其中，内皮细胞（ECs）尤为重要，因为它们在调节血管功能方面起着关键作用。在本章中，我讨论了使用人 ECs 研究 NPs 的毒性和机制的研究。研究表明，人 ECs 暴露于 NPs 可导致细胞毒性、遗传毒性、内皮细胞激活和一氧化氮信号受损。NPs 诱导的氧化应激和炎症被认为与 NPs 对 ECs 的毒性有关，并且提出了一个三层模型来解释 NP 诱导的氧化应激与毒性之间的关联。近年来，自噬功能障碍（过度自噬诱导）也被认为是与 NPs 对人 ECs 的毒性有关的机制之一。未来，有必要使用人 ECs 来评估 NPs 的毒性，以更好地了解进入循环的 NPs 的潜在不良影响。
