联邦营养计划修订影响低收入家庭的食品购买。
Federal Nutrition Program Revisions Impact Low-income Households' Food Purchases.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
出版信息
Am J Prev Med. 2018 Mar;54(3):403-412. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.003.
INTRODUCTION
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) required major revisions to food packages in 2009; effects on nationwide low-income household purchases remain unexamined.
METHODS
This study examines associations between WIC revisions and nutritional profiles of packaged food purchases from 2008 to 2014 among 4,537 low-income households with preschoolers in the U.S. (WIC participating versus nonparticipating) utilizing Nielsen Homescan Consumer Panel data. Overall nutrients purchased (e.g., calories, sugar, fat), amounts of select food groups with nutritional attributes that are encouraged (e.g., whole grains, fruits and vegetables) or discouraged (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages, candy) consistent with dietary guidance, composition of purchases by degree of processing (less, moderate, or high), and convenience (requires preparation, ready to heat, or ready to eat) were measured. Data analysis was performed in 2016. Longitudinal random-effects model adjusted outcomes controlling for household composition, education, race/ethnicity of the head of the household, county quarterly unemployment rates, and seasonality are presented.
RESULTS
Among WIC households, significant decreases in purchases of calories (-11%), sodium (-12%), total fat (-10%), and sugar (-15%) occurred, alongside decreases in purchases of refined grains, grain-based desserts, higher-fat milks, and sugar-sweetened beverages, and increases in purchases of fruits/vegetables with no added sugar/fats/salt. Income-eligible nonparticipating households had similar, but less pronounced, reductions. Changes were gradual and increased over time.
CONCLUSIONS
WIC food package revisions appear associated with improved nutritional profiles of food purchases among WIC participating households compared with low-income nonparticipating households. These package revisions may encourage WIC families to make healthier choices among their overall packaged food purchases.
简介
妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）要求在 2009 年对食品包进行重大修订；但对全国范围内低收入家庭购买行为的影响尚未得到检验。
方法
本研究利用美国尼尔森家庭扫描消费者小组（Nielsen Homescan Consumer Panel）的数据，调查了 2008 年至 2014 年间，有学龄前儿童的 4537 户美国家庭（WIC 参与与非参与家庭）中，WIC 修订与包装食品购买营养状况之间的关联。通过对总体购买的营养成分（如卡路里、糖、脂肪）、具有营养属性的特定食物组的数量（如全谷物、水果和蔬菜）、鼓励或不鼓励购买的食物组（如含糖饮料、糖果）、购买的加工程度（低、中、高）、方便程度（需准备、需加热或即食）进行了测量。数据分析于 2016 年进行。采用纵向随机效应模型调整结果，控制家庭构成、教育、家庭主妇的种族/民族、县季度失业率和季节性因素。
结果
在 WIC 家庭中，卡路里（-11%）、钠（-12%）、总脂肪（-10%）和糖（-15%）的购买量显著下降，同时精制谷物、谷物甜点、高脂肪牛奶和含糖饮料的购买量减少，水果/蔬菜的购买量增加，且没有添加糖/脂肪/盐。符合收入条件的非参与家庭也出现了类似但不太明显的下降。变化是渐进的，并随着时间的推移而增加。
结论
WIC 食品包修订似乎与 WIC 参与家庭相比，低收入非参与家庭购买食品的营养状况得到改善有关。这些包修订可能鼓励 WIC 家庭在其整体包装食品购买中做出更健康的选择。
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