Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity (Andreyeva, Luedicke), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Am J Prev Med. 2013 Oct;45(4):422-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.05.009.
In 2009, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) implemented revisions to the composition and quantities of WIC-provided foods. New whole-grain products such as whole-wheat bread and allowable substitutes were added to encourage increased intake of whole grains and fiber among WIC participants.
This paper assesses how the WIC revisions affected purchases of bread and rice among WIC-participating households in Connecticut and Massachusetts.
Scanner data from a regional supermarket chain were used to examine bread and rice purchases of 2137 WIC households. Purchased volume of bread and rice was compared before and after implementation of the WIC revisions (2009-2010) using generalized estimating equation models. Data were analyzed in 2013.
Before the WIC revisions, when no bread or rice was provided through WIC, white bread dominated bread purchases among WIC households (78% of volume), and almost all rice purchased was white (94%). As a result of the WIC revisions, the share of 100% whole-grain bread in total bread purchases tripled (from 8% to 24%), replacing purchases of white bread; the share of brown rice rose to 30% of rice purchases. WIC households used WIC benefits to change some of their bread purchases, rather than to buy more bread overall, whereas total rice purchases increased.
The 2009 WIC revisions significantly increased purchases of whole-grain bread and rice among WIC-participating families. The likely increase in whole-grain and fiber intake among low-income communities could have important public health implications.
2009 年，美国农业部妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）对 WIC 提供的食品的组成和数量进行了修订。新增了全麦产品，如全麦面包和允许的替代品，以鼓励 WIC 参与者增加全谷物和纤维的摄入量。
本文评估了 WIC 修订对康涅狄格州和马萨诸塞州参与 WIC 的家庭购买面包和大米的影响。
使用区域性连锁超市的扫描仪数据，研究了 2137 户 WIC 家庭的面包和大米购买情况。使用广义估计方程模型，比较了 WIC 修订（2009-2010 年）前后的面包和大米购买量。数据于 2013 年进行分析。
在 WIC 修订之前，当 WIC 不提供面包或大米时，白面包在 WIC 家庭的面包购买中占主导地位（占购买量的 78%），而且几乎所有购买的大米都是白色的（94%）。由于 WIC 修订，100%全麦面包在总面包购买量中的份额增加了两倍（从 8%增加到 24%），取代了白面包的购买；糙米在大米购买中的份额上升到 30%。WIC 家庭利用 WIC 福利来改变部分面包购买，而不是总体上购买更多的面包，而大米的总购买量增加了。
2009 年 WIC 修订显著增加了参与 WIC 的家庭对全麦面包和大米的购买量。低收入社区全谷物和纤维摄入量的增加可能对公共卫生具有重要意义。
