Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
School of Geography and Land Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, 653100, China.
Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 19;8(1):3260. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21654-w.
The analysis of status and major sources of human pressures on natural reserves (NRs) is important for optimizing their management. This study selected population density, gross domestic product (GDP) density and areal percentage of human land use to reveal the human pressures of national and provincial NRs (NNRs and PNRs) in Yunnan Province, China. We calculated three types of internal and external human pressure index (HPI) and comprehensive HPI (CHPI) for NRs. Human pressures on most of NRs were slight and light, indicating that most of NRs were well protected. Human pressures on PNRs were higher than on NNRs; with respect to five types of NRs, geological relict NRs were facing the highest human pressures, followed by wetland ecosystem NRs. Land use and population density were the main human pressures on these NRs. Yunnan Province should put the highest emphasis on three NNRs and two Ramsar site PNRs with severe CHPI, secondly pay attention to eight conservation-oriented PNRs with extreme or severe CHPI. It's urgent for Yunnan to implement scientific policies and measures to reduce land use and population density pressures of NRs, especially with severe and extreme CHPI, by transforming internal land use and/or implementing residents' eco-migration.
分析自然保护区（NRs）面临的人类压力的现状和主要来源，对于优化其管理非常重要。本研究选择人口密度、国内生产总值（GDP）密度和人类土地利用面积百分比来揭示中国云南省国家和省级自然保护区（NNRs 和 PNRs）的人类压力。我们计算了三种类型的内部和外部人类压力指数（HPI）和综合人类压力指数（CHPI）来评估 NRs。大多数 NRs 的人类压力较轻和轻度，这表明大多数 NRs 得到了很好的保护。PNRs 的人类压力高于 NNRs；就五种类型的 NRs 而言，地质遗迹 NRs 面临的人类压力最高，其次是湿地生态系统 NRs。土地利用和人口密度是这些 NRs 的主要人类压力源。云南省应高度重视 CHPI 严重的三个 NNRs 和两个拉姆萨尔湿地 PNRs，其次是关注 CHPI 极端或严重的八个以保护为导向的 PNRs。云南迫切需要实施科学的政策和措施，通过转变内部土地利用和/或实施居民生态移民，来减轻 NRs 的土地利用和人口密度压力，特别是对 CHPI 严重和极端的 NRs。
