Musculus Lisa, Lobinger Babett H
Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 5;9:41. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00041. eCollection 2018.
Psychological characteristics, including personality traits and psychological skills, have been shown to be relevant predictors of soccer performance. In research, general and sport specific standardized self-report questionnaires have been applied in psychological diagnostics of sports talent. However, with regard to the assessment of psychological characteristics of talented soccer players, a gap between research and practice is apparent. While soccer clubs often ask their coaches to assess their players on self-designed, unevaluated scouting sheets, research widely neglects expert coaches' and clubs' perspectives on relevant performance characteristics. As we believe that expert coaches' assessments could be a valid predictor of a player's current performance and future success, we provide recommendations on how to improve coaches' assessment of psychological characteristics. As the quality of the assessment of psychological characteristics is crucial, we provide recommendations on how to ensure the central diagnostic standards: objectivity, reliability, and validity in talent assessment. Further, we argue that assessing psychological characteristics should combine self ratings of players and external ratings of coaches in talent development. Sport psychologists should assist clubs and coaches in improving the diagnostics of psychological characteristics as well as in embedding psychological diagnostics and interventions in the talent development process.
心理特征，包括人格特质和心理技能，已被证明是足球表现的相关预测因素。在研究中，一般和特定于运动项目的标准化自我报告问卷已被应用于体育人才的心理诊断。然而，在评估有天赋的足球运动员的心理特征方面，研究与实践之间的差距显而易见。虽然足球俱乐部经常要求他们的教练在自行设计、未经评估的球探报告上对球员进行评估，但研究广泛忽视了专家教练和俱乐部对相关表现特征的看法。由于我们认为专家教练的评估可能是球员当前表现和未来成功的有效预测指标，我们提供了关于如何改进教练对心理特征评估的建议。由于心理特征评估的质量至关重要，我们提供了关于如何确保人才评估中的核心诊断标准：客观性、可靠性和有效性的建议。此外，我们认为在人才培养过程中，评估心理特征应将球员的自我评分和教练的外部评分相结合。运动心理学家应协助俱乐部和教练改进心理特征的诊断，并将心理诊断和干预措施融入人才培养过程中。
