Doctoral School in Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jun 8;20(12):6084. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20126084.
The aim of the study was to find predictors of athlete sensitivity to the positive or negative behaviors of supporters and determine a relationship between athletes' sensitivity to the positive and negative behaviors of supporters and traits such as anxiety and stress or the strategies used to cope with stress. The sample consisted of 171 professional athletes. The study determined three variables that are predictors of athlete sensitivity to the positive behavior of supporters (SPS), i.e., strategies of coping with stress, such as high levels of coachability, confidence and achievement motivation and low levels of freedom from worry (change R = 0.15, F of change = 9.78, of change < 0.001). The predictors of sensitivity to the negative behavior of supporters (SNS) are as follows: a low level of freedom from worry and a high level of fear of negative evaluation (change R = 0.31, F of change = 38.56, of change < 0.001). In the context of the athlete's position, the predictors of SPS for midfielders are as follows: high level of susceptibility to stress and two strategies of coping with stress, i.e., peaking under pressure and concentration. For forwarders they are as follows: high level of worry and coping with stress via goal-setting, while for defenders, the ways of coping with stress are confidence and achievement motivation. In terms of SNS, for defenders, the predictors are low levels of freedom from worry, coachability, and a high level of fear of negative evaluation. Forwarders, who are sensitive to the negative behavior of supporters, are characterized by a fear of negative evaluation.
本研究旨在寻找预测运动员对支持者积极或消极行为的敏感性的指标，并确定运动员对支持者积极和消极行为的敏感性与焦虑和压力等特质或应对压力的策略之间的关系。样本由 171 名职业运动员组成。研究确定了三个可预测运动员对支持者积极行为的敏感性（SPS）的变量，即应对压力的策略，如高水平的教练能力、自信和成就动机以及低水平的担忧（R 变化=0.15，F 变化=9.78，变化 <0.001）。预测对支持者消极行为的敏感性（SNS）的指标如下：低水平的担忧和高水平的对负面评价的恐惧（R 变化=0.31，F 变化=38.56，变化 <0.001）。在运动员的位置方面，中场球员 SPS 的预测指标如下：高水平的易感性和两种应对压力的策略，即压力下的高峰表现和注意力集中。对于前锋来说，他们是：高水平的担忧和通过设定目标来应对压力，而对于后卫，应对压力的方式是自信和成就动机。在 SNS 方面，对于后卫来说，预测指标是低水平的担忧、教练能力和高水平的对负面评价的恐惧。对支持者的消极行为敏感的前锋则表现出对负面评价的恐惧。
