Sudeep A B, Shil P
ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, Pune, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2017 Oct-Dec;54(4):295-300. doi: 10.4103/0972-9062.225833.
Aedes vittatus (Bigot) mosquito is a voracious biter of humans and has a geographical distribution throughout tropical Asia, Africa and the Mediterranean region of Europe. It is predominantly a rock-hole breeder, though it can breed in diverse macro- and micro-habitats. The mosquito plays an important role in the maintenance and transmission of yellow fever (YFV), dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. It has been implicated as an important vector of YFV in several African countries as evidenced by repeated virus isolations from the mosquito and its potential to transmit the virus experimentally. Similarly, DENV-2 has been isolated from wild caught Ae. vittatus mosquitoes in Senegal, Africa which has been shown to circulate the virus in sylvatic populations without causing human infection. Experimental studies have shown replication of the virus at a low scale in naturally infected mosquitoes while high rate of infection and dissemination have been reported in parenterally infected mosquitoes. Natural isolation of ZIKV has been reported from Senegal and Cote d'Ivoire from these mosquitoes. They were found highly competent to transmit the virus experimentally and the transmission rate is at par with Ae. leuteocephalus, the primary vector of ZIKV. A few CHIKV isolations have also been reported from the mosquitoes in Senegal and other countries in Africa. Experimental studies have demonstrated high susceptibility, early dissemination and efficient transmission of CHIKV by Ae. vittatus mosquitoes. The mosquitoes with their high susceptibility and competence to transmit important viruses, viz. YFV, DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV pose a major threat to public health due to their abundance and anthropophilic behaviour.
白线斑蚊（Aedes vittatus，比戈特）是一种贪婪的人类叮咬者，在热带亚洲、非洲和欧洲地中海地区均有地理分布。它主要在岩洞中繁殖，不过也能在各种宏观和微观栖息地繁殖。这种蚊子在黄热病病毒（YFV）、登革热病毒（DENV）、基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）和寨卡病毒（ZIKV）的维持和传播中发挥着重要作用。在几个非洲国家，它被认为是黄热病病毒的重要传播媒介，从这种蚊子中反复分离出病毒以及它在实验中传播该病毒的潜力就证明了这一点。同样，在非洲塞内加尔从野外捕获的白线斑蚊中分离出了登革热病毒2型，已证明该病毒在野生种群中传播但不引起人类感染。实验研究表明，病毒在自然感染的蚊子中低水平复制，而在经肠道外感染的蚊子中则报告了高感染率和传播率。在塞内加尔和科特迪瓦，已从这些蚊子中报告了寨卡病毒的自然分离情况。发现它们在实验中具有很高的病毒传播能力，传播率与寨卡病毒的主要传播媒介白纹伊蚊（Ae. leuteocephalus）相当。在塞内加尔和非洲其他国家，也从这种蚊子中报告了一些基孔肯雅病毒的分离情况。实验研究表明，白线斑蚊对基孔肯雅病毒具有高易感性、早期传播和高效传播能力。这些蚊子对重要病毒，即黄热病病毒、登革热病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和寨卡病毒具有高易感性和传播能力，由于其数量众多和嗜人行为，对公共卫生构成了重大威胁。
