Omar K, Thabet H S, TagEldin R A, Asadu C C, Chukwuekezie O C, Ochu J C, Dogunro F A, Nwangwu U C, Onwude O C, Ezihe E K, Anioke C C, Arimoto H
U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit - No.3, Cairo detachment, Egypt.
National Arbovirus and Vector Research Centre, Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria.
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2021 Sep 15;15:e00225. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2021.e00225. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Arbovirus transmission by mosquitoes has long been a significant problem in Africa. In West Africa, vector management faces significant challenges; lack of recent distributional data and potential distributional modeling hinder effective vector control and pose serious public health issues. In this study, larval and adult mosquitoes were collected from four study sites in Enugu State, Nigeria every other month between November 2017 and September 2018. A total number of 2997 mosquitoes were collected and identified, and 59 positive field occurrence points for both adult and larvae were recorded. A total of 18 positive occurrence points were used for modeling. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) were used to estimate the current geographic distribution of species () in Enugu State, south-east Nigeria, and mosquito presence was used as a proxy for predicting risk of disease transmission. Maximum Entropy distribution modeling or "MaxEnt" was used for predicting the potential suitable habitats, using a portion of the occurrence records. A total of 23 environmental variables (19 bioclimatic and four topographic) were used to model the potential geographical distribution area under current climatic conditions. The most suitable habitat for spp. was predicted in the northern, central, and southeastern parts of Enugu State with some extensions in Anambra, Delta, and Edo States in the west, and Ebonyi State in the east. Seasonal temperature, precipitation of the wettest month, mean monthly temperature range, elevation, and precipitation of the driest months were the highest estimated main variable contributions associated with the distribution of spp. We found that spp. prefer to be situated in environmental conditions where precipitation of wettest month ranged from 265 to 330 mm, precipitation of driest quarter ranged from 25 to 75 mm while precipitation of wettest quarter ranged from 650 to 950 mm. mosquitoes, such as and pose a significant threat to human health, hence, the results of this study will help decision makers to monitor the distribution of these species and establish a management plan for future national mosquito surveillance and control programs in Nigeria.
蚊虫传播虫媒病毒长期以来一直是非洲的一个重大问题。在西非，病媒管理面临重大挑战；缺乏最新的分布数据以及潜在分布模型阻碍了有效的病媒控制，并引发了严重的公共卫生问题。在本研究中，于2017年11月至2018年9月期间每隔一个月从尼日利亚埃努古州的四个研究地点采集幼虫和成虫蚊子。共采集并鉴定了2997只蚊子，记录到59个成虫和幼虫的阳性野外出现点。共18个阳性出现点用于建模。生态位模型（ENMs）用于估计尼日利亚东南部埃努古州物种（）的当前地理分布，蚊虫的存在被用作预测疾病传播风险的指标。使用最大熵分布建模或“MaxEnt”，利用部分出现记录来预测潜在适宜栖息地。共使用23个环境变量（19个生物气候变量和4个地形变量）对当前气候条件下的潜在地理分布区域进行建模。预测在埃努古州的北部、中部和东南部为物种提供的最适宜栖息地，在西部的阿南布拉州、三角州和江户州以及东部的埃邦伊州有一定延伸。季节性温度、最湿月降水量、月平均温度范围、海拔以及最干月降水量是与物种分布相关的估计主要变量贡献最高的因素。我们发现物种倾向于处于最湿月降水量在265至330毫米、最干季度降水量在25至75毫米而最湿季度降水量在650至950毫米的环境条件下。诸如和等蚊虫对人类健康构成重大威胁，因此，本研究结果将有助于决策者监测这些物种的分布，并为尼日利亚未来的国家蚊虫监测和控制计划制定管理方案。
