National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Apr;125:193-204. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.011. Epub 2018 Feb 13.
Cotton, a natural fiber producing crop of huge importance for textile industry, has been reckoned as the backbone in the economy of many developing countries. Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae reflected as the most devastating disease of cotton crop in several parts of the world. Average losses due to attack of this disease are tremendous every year. There is urgent need to develop strategies for effective control of this disease. In the last decade, progress has been made to understand the interaction between cotton-V. dahliae and several growth and pathogenicity related genes were identified. Still, most of the molecular components and mechanisms of cotton defense against Verticillium wilt are poorly understood. However, from existing knowledge, it is perceived that cotton defense mechanism primarily depends on the pre-formed defense structures including thick cuticle, synthesis of phenolic compounds and delaying or hindering the expansion of the invader through advanced measures such as reinforcement of cell wall structure, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of phytoalexins, the hypersensitive response and the development of broad spectrum resistance named as, systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Investigation of these defense tactics provide valuable information about the improvement of cotton breeding strategies for the development of durable, cost effective, and broad spectrum resistant varieties. Consequently, this management approach will help to reduce the use of fungicides and also minimize other environmental hazards. In the present paper, we summarized the V. dahliae virulence mechanism and comprehensively discussed the cotton molecular mechanisms of defense such as physiological, biochemical responses with the addition of signaling pathways that are implicated towards attaining resistance against Verticillium wilt.
棉花是一种重要的天然纤维作物，对纺织工业具有巨大的重要性，被认为是许多发展中国家经济的支柱。由黄萎轮枝菌引起的黄萎病是世界上许多地区棉花作物最具破坏性的病害之一。由于这种疾病的攻击，每年的平均损失是巨大的。迫切需要制定有效的防治策略。在过去的十年中，人们在理解棉花-黄萎轮枝菌相互作用方面取得了进展，并鉴定了几个与生长和致病性相关的基因。然而，棉花对黄萎病的防御的大多数分子组成和机制仍了解甚少。然而，根据现有知识，人们认为棉花防御机制主要依赖于预先形成的防御结构，包括厚的角质层、酚类化合物的合成以及通过先进的措施来延迟或阻碍入侵物的扩展，如细胞壁结构的增强、活性氧物质（ROS）的积累、植物抗毒素的释放、过敏反应和广谱抗性的发展，称为系统获得性抗性（SAR）。对这些防御策略的研究提供了有关改进棉花育种策略的有价值的信息，以开发持久、经济有效和广谱抗性的品种。因此，这种管理方法将有助于减少杀菌剂的使用，并最大限度地减少其他环境危害。在本文中，我们总结了黄萎轮枝菌的毒力机制，并全面讨论了棉花的防御分子机制，如生理、生化反应以及参与获得对黄萎病抗性的信号通路。
