Bickert Berthold
Sektion Handchirurgie, Klinik für Hand‑, Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland.
Unfallchirurg. 2018 May;121(5):351-357. doi: 10.1007/s00113-018-0464-0.
Complete rupture of the scapholunate (SL) ligament can cause a dissociative carpal instability (CID). These ligamentous lesions are caused by a fall from a limited height of approximately 1 m or a fall, e. g. when playing handball or soccer. For a freshly injured wrist joint, the X‑ray signs of a static instability (after excluding a fracture) are a SL distance ≥3 mm, a SL angle >60°, and a dorsal displacement of the proximal scaphoid pole. Dynamic instabilities are best seen in kinematography of the wrist joint. Early ligament refixation is mandatory, ideally done in the first week after the incident or at least within the first 3 weeks. The cornerstone of the procedure is an anatomic reduction of the SL joint stabilized with K‑wires for 8 weeks. In older lesions, ligament transfer or ligamentoplasty using a tendon transfer may add to stability but have so far not achieved a reliable joint alignment despite usually good functional results. It appears that the reduction of the proximal scaphoid pole deserves more attention.
舟月(SL)韧带完全断裂可导致分离性腕关节不稳定(CID)。这些韧带损伤是由从约1米的有限高度坠落或跌倒引起的,例如在打手球或踢足球时。对于刚受伤的腕关节,静态不稳定(排除骨折后)的X线征象为SL间隙≥3毫米、SL角>60°以及舟骨近端极背侧移位。动态不稳定在腕关节运动造影中最易观察到。早期韧带修复是必需的,理想情况是在受伤后的第一周内进行,或至少在前三周内完成。该手术的关键是用克氏针将SL关节解剖复位并固定8周。对于陈旧性损伤,使用肌腱转移进行韧带转移或韧带成形术可能会增加稳定性,但尽管通常功能结果良好,但到目前为止尚未实现可靠的关节对线。似乎舟骨近端极的复位值得更多关注。