Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Environmental Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2018 Mar;5(1):44-58. doi: 10.1007/s40572-018-0176-1.
A number of studies over the past two decades have suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several common molecular pathways to cellular and metabolic dysfunction have been implicated in the etiology of both diseases. Here, we review the emerging evidence from observational studies that investigate the relationship between T2DM and AD, and of shared environmental risk factors, specifically air pollution and pesticides, associated with both chronic disorders.
Particulate matter and traffic-related air pollution have been widely associated with T2DM, and multiple studies have associated exposures with AD or cognitive function. Organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides have been associated with T2DM in multiple independent populations. Two populations have observed increased risks for OC and OP exposures and AD. Other studies, limited in exposure assessment, have reported increased risk of AD with any pesticide exposure assessments. This may suggest shared pathogenic pathways between environmental risk factors, T2DM, and AD. Research focusing on exposures related to both T2DM and AD could provide new disease insights on shared mechanisms and help shape innovative preventative measures and policy decisions.
过去二十年来的多项研究表明，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者患阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险增加。这两种疾病的病因都涉及一些常见的细胞和代谢功能障碍的分子途径。在这里，我们回顾了观察性研究中关于 T2DM 和 AD 之间关系的新证据，以及与这两种慢性疾病相关的共同环境风险因素，特别是与空气污染和农药。
颗粒物和与交通有关的空气污染与 T2DM 广泛相关，多项研究表明接触这些因素与 AD 或认知功能有关。有机氯（OC）和有机磷（OP）农药在多个独立人群中与 T2DM 相关。有两个人群观察到 OC 和 OP 暴露与 AD 的风险增加。其他研究，由于接触评估的限制，报告了任何农药暴露评估与 AD 风险增加。这可能表明环境风险因素、T2DM 和 AD 之间存在共同的发病机制。专注于与 T2DM 和 AD 相关的暴露的研究可以为共同机制提供新的疾病见解，并有助于制定创新的预防措施和政策决策。
