Malik Aimen, Ahmed Mubariz, Mansoor Sarah, Ambreen Saima, Usman Basil, Shehryar Malik
Emergency Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.
Cureus. 2022 Feb 14;14(2):e22193. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22193. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Objective To determine the incidence of cognitive impairment established on the mini-mental state assessment in type 2 diabetic patients presenting at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Materials and methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from June 2019 to December 2019. Individuals with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included, and detailed history, physical examination, and biochemical variables were noted. They were assessed through Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Urdu translation) to look for the primary outcome variable, i.e., cognitive impairment. All patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed at least one year back, irrespective of gender, were included in this investigation. Patients with a previous history of head injury, epilepsy, stroke, those on an antidepressant or antipsychotic medications, those with deranged renal function tests, and those already diagnosed with dementia were excluded from the study. Results Three hundred thirty-two patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The mean ± standard deviation age of the study population was 65.32 ± 11.33 years, with maximum age being 80 years and the minimum being 50 years. Two hundred patients (60.24%) were below 65 years of age, and 132 patients (39.76%) were 65 years of age or above. Two hundred sixteen (65.06%) were males, and 116 (34.96%) were females. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 10.17 ± 4.81. The mean MMSE score was 22.69 ± 5.26. Out of 332 patients, 81 (24.4%) patients had cognitive impairment. Patients who were 65 or older had a significantly higher proportion of cognitive impairment, compared to those below 65 years of age (p-value = 0.0214). There was no significant difference in the proportion of cognitively impaired patients between males and females (p-value = 0.2497). Similarly, there was no significant difference between those who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for 10 years or more and those who were diagnosed less than 10 years ago (p-value = 0.3791). Conclusion Cognitive impairment is common in individuals having type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also associated with the increasing age of diabetic patients. However, cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus is not associated with gender. In addition, there is no significant difference in cognitive impairment between the patients who were diagnosed with diabetes more than 10 years ago and those who had it diagnosed less than 10 years ago.
目的 确定拉瓦尔品第圣家医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者中，通过简易精神状态评估确定的认知障碍发生率。材料与方法 本横断面描述性研究于2019年6月至2019年12月进行。纳入诊断为2型糖尿病的个体，并记录详细病史、体格检查和生化变量。通过简易精神状态检查（MMSE）（乌尔都语翻译）对他们进行评估，以寻找主要结局变量，即认知障碍。所有至少在一年前被诊断为2型糖尿病的患者，无论性别，均纳入本调查。有头部受伤、癫痫、中风病史的患者，正在服用抗抑郁药或抗精神病药物的患者，肾功能检查异常的患者，以及已被诊断为痴呆的患者均被排除在研究之外。结果 332例符合纳入标准的患者被纳入研究。研究人群的平均年龄±标准差为65.32±11.33岁，最大年龄为80岁，最小年龄为50岁。200例患者（60.24%）年龄低于65岁，132例患者（39.76%）年龄在65岁及以上。216例（65.06%）为男性，116例（34.96%）为女性。糖尿病平均病程为10.17±4.81年。平均MMSE评分为22.69±5.26。在332例患者中，81例（24.4%）有认知障碍。65岁及以上患者的认知障碍比例明显高于65岁以下患者（p值=0.0214）。男性和女性认知障碍患者的比例无显著差异（p值=0.2497）。同样，诊断为2型糖尿病10年或更长时间的患者与诊断时间不足10年的患者之间也无显著差异（p值=0.3791）。结论 认知障碍在2型糖尿病患者中很常见。它也与糖尿病患者年龄的增加有关。然而，2型糖尿病中的认知障碍与性别无关。此外，10年前被诊断为糖尿病的患者与诊断时间不足10年的患者在认知障碍方面无显著差异。
