Usman M, Byrne J M, Chaudhary A, Orsetti S, Hanna K, Ruby C, Kappler A, Haderlein S B
Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences , University of Tübingen , 72074 Tübingen , Germany.
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan.
Chem Rev. 2018 Apr 11;118(7):3251-3304. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00224. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Mixed-valent iron [Fe(II)-Fe(III)] minerals such as magnetite and green rust have received a significant amount of attention over recent decades, especially in the environmental sciences. These mineral phases are intrinsic and essential parts of biogeochemical cycling of metals and organic carbon and play an important role regarding the mobility, toxicity, and redox transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The formation pathways, mineral properties, and applications of magnetite and green rust are currently active areas of research in geochemistry, environmental mineralogy, geomicrobiology, material sciences, environmental engineering, and environmental remediation. These aspects ultimately dictate the reactivity of magnetite and green rust in the environment, which has important consequences for the application of these mineral phases, for example in remediation strategies. In this review we discuss the properties, occurrence, formation by biotic as well as abiotic pathways, characterization techniques, and environmental applications of magnetite and green rust in the environment. The aim is to present a detailed overview of the key aspects related to these mineral phases which can be used as an important resource for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with mixed-valent iron minerals.
近几十年来，诸如磁铁矿和绿锈之类的混合价态铁[Fe(II)-Fe(III)]矿物受到了广泛关注，尤其是在环境科学领域。这些矿物相是金属和有机碳生物地球化学循环的固有且重要的组成部分，在有机和无机污染物的迁移性、毒性及氧化还原转化方面发挥着重要作用。磁铁矿和绿锈的形成途径、矿物特性及应用是当前地球化学、环境矿物学、地球微生物学、材料科学、环境工程和环境修复等领域的活跃研究方向。这些方面最终决定了磁铁矿和绿锈在环境中的反应活性，这对这些矿物相的应用具有重要影响，例如在修复策略中。在本综述中，我们讨论了磁铁矿和绿锈在环境中的性质、存在情况、生物和非生物途径形成过程、表征技术以及环境应用。目的是详细概述与这些矿物相相关的关键方面，可为从事涉及混合价态铁矿物的多个领域研究的人员提供重要参考资源。
