Tolentino-Castro J Walter, Mühlbeier Andreas, Mochizuki Luis, Wagner Heiko
Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 6;9:109. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00109. eCollection 2018.
Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) (50 < IQ < 79) show impaired motor and postural control, these impairments are highly related to falls and injuries. Recent studies demonstrated these impairments are related with fine and gross motor development, which are more strongly associated with cognition, and consequently language for individuals with ID than for without ID. Despite these studies, little is known about the structure and functioning of this population's spinal cord, which is highly involved in postural control. The aim of our study was to assess the latency of the reflex responses in postural muscles after unexpected lateral external perturbations, in individuals with intellectual disabilities compared to typically developed participants. We assessed 16 participants with intellectual disabilities, 9 males and 7 females (aged 24.06 ± 8.66 years) and 20 typical developed participants (CG), 11 females, 9 males, (aged 21.20±1.96 years). While the participants were in an upright standing position electromyography was used to collect data from (OE) muscles, which were activated by unpredictable perturbations applied by a servomotor on a hand-held grip, following the lateral external perturbation to the trunk. The intellectual disabilities group presented contralateral OE muscles latency of 85.71±27.24 ms, and CG group presented 68.62±10.25 ms, no differences was found. Ipsilateral OE muscles latency also did not differs between the groups, ID group showed 96.60±30.20 ms and CG group showed 95.57±33.53 ms. Our study furthers the knowledge about the muscular activity of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The present experimental results may suggest unique spinal cord processing of individuals with intellectual disabilities when they are faced with unexpected lateral external perturbations.
智力障碍（ID）患者（智商50＜IQ＜79）存在运动和姿势控制受损的情况，这些损伤与跌倒和受伤高度相关。最近的研究表明，这些损伤与精细和粗大运动发育有关，与无ID的个体相比，ID个体的运动发育与认知以及语言的关联更为紧密。尽管有这些研究，但对于该人群高度参与姿势控制的脊髓结构和功能却知之甚少。我们研究的目的是评估与发育正常的参与者相比，智力障碍个体在意外的侧向外部扰动后姿势肌肉反射反应的潜伏期。我们评估了16名智力障碍参与者，9名男性和7名女性（年龄24.06±8.66岁）以及20名发育正常的参与者（对照组），11名女性，9名男性（年龄21.20±1.96岁）。当参与者处于直立站立姿势时，使用肌电图从（OE）肌肉收集数据，这些肌肉通过伺服电机对手持握把施加的不可预测扰动激活，该扰动施加于躯干的侧向外部扰动之后。智力障碍组对侧OE肌肉潜伏期为85.71±27.24毫秒，对照组为68.62±10.25毫秒，未发现差异。两组同侧OE肌肉潜伏期也无差异，ID组为96.60±30.20毫秒，对照组为95.57±33.53毫秒。我们的研究进一步拓展了对智力障碍个体肌肉活动的认识。目前的实验结果可能表明，智力障碍个体在面对意外的侧向外部扰动时，其脊髓处理过程具有独特性。
