Isolation and partial nucleotide sequence of the laccase gene from Neurospora crassa: amino acid sequence homology of the protein to human ceruloplasmin.

The laccase (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) gene from Neurospora crassa was cloned and part of its nucleotide sequence corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal region of the protein has been determined. The gene was cloned by cDNA synthesis with a laccase-specific synthetic deoxyundecanucleotide as primer and poly(A) RNA isolated from cycloheximide-treated N. crassa cultures as template. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA obtained, a unique 21-mer was synthesized and used to screen a genomic DNA library from N. crassa. Five different positive clones were isolated and shown to share an overlapping DNA region with the same pattern of restriction sites. Sequence analysis of the common 1.36-kilobase Sal I fragment revealed an open reading frame of 726 nucleotides. The amino acid sequence deduced is in complete agreement with the primary structures of several tryptic peptides isolated previously from N. crassa laccase. The analyzed carboxyl-terminal region of laccase exhibits a striking sequence homology to the carboxyl-terminal part of the third homology unit of the multicopper oxidase ceruloplasmin and to a smaller extent, to the low molecular weight blue copper proteins plastocyanin and azurin. Based on amino acid sequence comparison between these proteins, putative copper ligands of N. crassa laccase are proposed. Moreover, these data further support the hypothesis that the small blue copper proteins and the multicopper oxidases have evolved from the same ancestral gene.