Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA.
Infant and Child Health Laboratory, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Jul;50(7):1442-1448. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001590.
School-age children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have poor health-related fitness (HRF), but little is known about when these deficits emerge. The purpose of this study was to determine if 4- and 5-yr-old children who meet the criteria for DCD exhibit poorer HRF compared with typically developing (TD) children, and if this relationship is mediated by vigorous physical activity (VPA) engagement.
Five hundred and ninety-two children participated (age, 5.0 ± 0.6 yr) from the Coordination and Activity Tracking in CHildren study. Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, with groups defined as having DCD (≤5th percentile), at risk for DCD (6th-16th percentile), and TD (>16th percentile). Measures of body composition included body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Musculoskeletal fitness assessments included standing long jump distance, as well as peak and mean power assessed using a 30-s Wingate protocol on a pediatric cycle ergometer. Time to exhaustion on a progressive, treadmill test was used to determine aerobic fitness. Flexibility and VPA were assessed using a sit-and-reach test and 7-d accelerometry, respectively.
Children in the DCD group had the poorest musculoskeletal and aerobic fitness, whereas TD children had the highest. No differences in body composition among groups were found. Daily VPA was similar among groups and did not explain HRF differences.
Preschool children with DCD have decreased anaerobic and aerobic fitness compared with TD children; however, VPA and body composition seem to be less affected by DCD in the early years. Early motor interventions may be able to improve fitness and reduce the risk of hypoactivity and obesity as children with DCD get older.
患有发育性协调障碍（DCD）的学龄儿童健康相关体能（HRF）较差，但对于这些缺陷何时出现知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定是否符合 DCD 标准的 4 至 5 岁儿童与发育正常（TD）儿童相比表现出较差的 HRF，以及这种关系是否通过剧烈体力活动（VPA）参与来介导。
592 名儿童参加了协调和儿童活动追踪研究（年龄，5.0±0.6 岁）。使用儿童运动评估电池（Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2）评估运动技能，将组定义为具有 DCD（≤第 5 百分位）、有患 DCD 风险（第 6-16 百分位）和 TD（>第 16 百分位）。身体成分的测量包括身体质量指数、腰围和体脂百分比。肌肉骨骼健康评估包括立定跳远距离，以及使用儿童测功计的 30 秒 Wingate 方案评估的峰值和平均功率。使用渐进式跑步机测试来确定有氧健身的耐力。通过坐立伸展测试和 7 天加速度计分别评估柔韧性和 VPA。
DCD 组的肌肉骨骼和有氧健身能力最差，而 TD 儿童的健身能力最高。各组之间的身体成分没有差异。各组之间的每日 VPA 相似，并且没有解释 HRF 差异。
与 TD 儿童相比，患有 DCD 的学龄前儿童的无氧和有氧健身能力较差；然而，在早期，VPA 和身体成分似乎受 DCD 的影响较小。随着患有 DCD 的儿童年龄的增长，早期的运动干预可能能够提高他们的健康水平，并降低活动不足和肥胖的风险。
