Castillo-Aguilar Matías, Valdés-Badilla Pablo, Herrera-Valenzuela Tomás, Guzmán-Muñoz Eduardo, Delgado-Floody Pedro, Andrade David Cristóbal, Moraes Michele M, Arantes Rosa M E, Núñez-Espinosa Cristian
Kinesiology Department, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
Austral Integrative Neurophysiology Group, CADI-UMAG, Punta Arenas, Chile.
Front Physiol. 2021 Nov 18;12:769085. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.769085. eCollection 2021.
To study the differences in cardiac autonomic modulation in response to muscle fatigue caused by high-intensity exercise during two consecutive competition periods in young swimmers. Twenty-six competitive swimmers, selected by their training volume, were separated in two groups, females ( = 12 [46%], age: 13.5 ± 1.4 years) and males ( = 14 [54%], age: 13.9 ± 1.7 years), aged between 10 and 16 years, were evaluated five times as follow: (i) 21 days before the first competition (t-0); (ii) two days before (t-1; t-3); and (iii) two days after (t-2; t-4) of the first and second competitions. Morphological measurements (body mass, percentage of total body fat and height), blood pressure, power, and resting heart rate variability (RR with Polar band) were recorded before and after Wingate test at each time. Body fat was higher in females compared to males. However, no differences were found in other morphological parameters. An intra-subject analysis grouped by sex in cardiovascular parameters shows longitudinal variations in systolic pressure and mean pressure among females. Additionally, females depicted higher, very low frequency (VLF, which is intrinsically generated by the heart and strongly associated with emotional stress) after physical fatigue compared to males at t-1. Further, before the competition, the high frequency (HF) component of HRV (parasympathetic drive) was higher in males than females at t-0 and t-4. Our data revealed that males displayed greater parasympathetic reactivity after an anaerobic muscle fatigue test during their competition periods. Contrarily, females had a less cardiac autonomic modulation when comparing the pre-post Wingate test after two consecutive competition periods.
为研究年轻游泳运动员在两个连续比赛期内，高强度运动引起肌肉疲劳时心脏自主神经调节的差异。通过训练量挑选出26名竞技游泳运动员，分为两组，女性（n = 12 [46%]，年龄：13.5±1.4岁）和男性（n = 14 [54%]，年龄：13.9±1.7岁），年龄在10至16岁之间，按以下方式进行了五次评估：(i) 第一次比赛前21天（t - 0）；(ii) 第一次和第二次比赛前2天（t - 1；t - 3）；以及(iii) 第一次和第二次比赛后2天（t - 2；t - 4）。每次在温盖特测试前后记录形态学测量指标（体重、体脂百分比和身高）、血压、功率和静息心率变异性（使用 Polar 手环测量RR间期）。女性的体脂高于男性。然而，在其他形态学参数上未发现差异。按性别分组的心血管参数的受试者内分析显示，女性的收缩压和平均压存在纵向变化。此外，在t - 1时，身体疲劳后女性的极低频（VLF，由心脏内在产生且与情绪应激密切相关）高于男性。此外，在比赛前，男性在t - 0和t - 4时的心率变异性高频（HF）成分（副交感神经驱动）高于女性。我们的数据显示，男性在比赛期间进行无氧肌肉疲劳测试后表现出更大的副交感神经反应性。相反，在连续两个比赛期后比较温盖特测试前后时，女性的心脏自主神经调节较少。
