Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Department of History, Philosophy and Religion, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
J Am Coll Radiol. 2018 Apr;15(4):669-673. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.12.004. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Whereas the scientific community is aware of atrocities committed by medical doctors like Mengele, the specifics of radiology and radiation oncology during National Socialism remain largely unknown. Starting in 2010, the German Radiology Association and the German Association of Radiation Oncology coordinated a national project looking into original archival material. A national committee convened in 2013 to discuss the project's findings, which were also the subject of a symposium at the University of Tuebingen in 2016 on radiology under National Socialism. The project identified approximately 160 radiologists who were victimized because of their Jewish descent, among them Gustav Bucky (known for the Bucky factor in x-ray diagnostics). Radiologists throughout Germany took part in forced sterilizations. The "Schutzstaffel," commonly known as SS, had a special radiology unit that was established for tuberculosis screening. Radiation was also used for sterilization experiments in the Auschwitz concentration camp with subsequent surgical procedures to enable histological analysis of the irradiated tissue. Reflection on medicine during the Holocaust will be strengthened by specific facts related to the respective medical field. Radiologists were involved in atrocious medical experiments as well as in supporting Nazi policies in Germany. These facts provoke ethical considerations about marginalized patient groups and doctor-patient communication. They also raise questions about "evidence-based" medicine as sole justification for medical procedures. In summary, historical studies will be able to help in the professional identity formation of radiologists gaining awareness to ethical issues of today.
尽管科学界已经意识到门格勒等医生所犯下的暴行，但纳粹德国时期放射学和放射肿瘤学的具体细节在很大程度上仍不为人知。自 2010 年以来，德国放射学协会和德国放射肿瘤学会协调了一个国家项目，旨在研究原始档案材料。2013 年成立了一个国家委员会，讨论该项目的研究结果，这些结果也是 2016 年图宾根大学关于纳粹德国放射学的专题研讨会的主题。该项目确定了约 160 名因犹太血统而受害的放射科医生，其中包括古斯塔夫·巴奇（因 X 射线诊断中的巴奇因子而闻名）。德国各地的放射科医生都参与了强制绝育。臭名昭著的党卫军（SS）拥有一个特殊的放射学单位，专门用于结核病筛查。辐射还用于奥斯威辛集中营的绝育实验，随后进行手术，以便对受照射组织进行组织学分析。通过与各自医学领域相关的具体事实，对大屠杀期间的医学进行反思将得到加强。放射科医生参与了可怕的医学实验以及德国的纳粹政策支持。这些事实引发了对边缘化患者群体和医患沟通的伦理考虑。它们还提出了关于“循证”医学作为医学程序唯一依据的问题。总之，历史研究将能够帮助放射科医生形成职业认同，提高对当今伦理问题的认识。
