Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Pharmacol Res. 2018 Apr;130:36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.027. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are widely used in commercial, domestic, and more recently biomedical applications. While the majority of exposures to ENM are unintentional, biomedical platforms are being evaluated for use in individualized and/or tissue-targeted therapies. Treatments are often avoided during prenatal periods to reduce adverse effects on the developing fetus. The placenta is central to maternal-fetal medicine. Perturbation of placental functions can limit transfer of necessary nutrients, alter production of hormones needed during pregnancy, or allow undesired passage of xenobiotics to the developing fetus. The development of therapeutics to target specific maternal, placental, or fetal tissues would be especially important to reduce or circumvent toxicities. Therefore, this review will discuss the potential use of ENM in perinatal medicine, the applicable physiochemical properties of ENM in therapeutic use, and current methodologies of ENM testing in perinatal medicine, and identify maternal, fetal, and offspring concerns associated with ENM exposure during gestation. As potential nanoparticle-based therapies continue to develop, so does the need for thorough consideration and evaluation for use in perinatal medicine.
工程纳米材料（ENM）广泛应用于商业、家庭，最近也应用于生物医学领域。尽管大多数情况下人们接触 ENM 都是无意的，但生物医学平台正在被评估用于个体化和/或组织靶向治疗。为了减少对发育中胎儿的不良影响，通常避免在产前使用这些治疗方法。胎盘是母婴医学的核心。胎盘功能障碍会限制必要营养物质的转移，改变妊娠期间所需激素的产生，或者允许外源性物质不受控制地进入发育中的胎儿。开发针对特定母体、胎盘或胎儿组织的治疗方法尤为重要，可以减少或避免毒性。因此，本文将讨论 ENM 在围产期医学中的潜在应用、ENM 在治疗中的适用物理化学性质，以及目前在围产期医学中 ENM 测试的方法，并确定与妊娠期 ENM 暴露相关的母体、胎儿和后代问题。随着基于纳米颗粒的潜在治疗方法的不断发展，在围产期医学中使用这些方法需要进行全面的考虑和评估。
