Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
Waste Manag. 2018 May;75:427-449. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.012. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Significant knowledge and data gaps associated with the fate of product-embedded engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in waste management processes exist that limit our current ability to develop appropriate end-of-life management strategies. This review paper was developed as part of the activities of the IWWG ENMs in Waste Task Group. The specific objectives of this review paper are to assess the current knowledge associated with the fate of ENMs in commonly used waste management processes, including key processes and mechanisms associated with ENM fate and transport in each waste management process, and to use that information to identify the data gaps and research needs in this area. Literature associated with the fate of ENMs in wastes was reviewed and summarized. Overall, results from this literature review indicate a need for continued research in this area. No work has been conducted to quantify ENMs present in discarded materials and an understanding of ENM release from consumer products under conditions representative of those found in relevant waste management process is needed. Results also indicate that significant knowledge gaps associated with ENM behaviour exist for each waste management process investigated. There is a need for additional research investigating the fate of different types of ENMs at larger concentration ranges with different surface chemistries. Understanding how changes in treatment process operation may influence ENM fate is also needed. A series of specific research questions associated with the fate of ENMs during the management of ENM-containing wastes have been identified and used to direct future research in this area.
在废物管理过程中，与产品嵌入式工程纳米材料（ENMs）的命运相关的重大知识和数据差距仍然存在，这限制了我们目前制定适当的寿命终结管理策略的能力。本文是作为 IWWG ENMs 在废物工作组活动的一部分而编写的。本文的具体目标是评估与 ENMs 在常用废物管理过程中的命运相关的现有知识，包括与每个废物管理过程中 ENM 命运和迁移相关的关键过程和机制，并利用这些信息确定该领域的数据差距和研究需求。本文综述了与废物中 ENMs 命运相关的文献。总体而言，文献综述的结果表明需要在该领域继续开展研究。尚未进行量化废弃材料中存在的 ENMs 的工作，需要了解在与相关废物管理过程中发现的条件下从消费产品中释放 ENM 的情况。结果还表明，对于所研究的每个废物管理过程，ENM 行为都存在重大的知识差距。需要进行更多的研究，以调查不同类型的 ENMs 在不同表面化学性质和更大浓度范围内的命运。还需要了解处理过程操作的变化如何影响 ENM 的命运。已经确定了与管理含 ENM 废物过程中 ENM 命运相关的一系列具体研究问题，并用于指导该领域的未来研究。
