Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2018 Mar;253:1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
There are many examples of bioactive proteins and peptides that would benefit from oral delivery through functional foods, supplements, or medical foods, including hormones, enzymes, antimicrobials, vaccines, and ACE inhibitors. However, many of these bioactive proteins are highly susceptible to denaturation, aggregation or hydrolysis within commercial products or inside the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, many bioactive proteins have poor absorption characteristics within the GIT. Colloidal systems, which contain nanoparticles or microparticles, can be designed to encapsulate, retain, protect, and deliver bioactive proteins. For instance, a bioactive protein may have to remain encapsulated and stable during storage and passage through the mouth and stomach, but then be released within the small intestine where it can be absorbed. This article reviews the application of food-grade colloidal systems for oral delivery of bioactive proteins, including microemulsions, emulsions, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, multiple emulsions, liposomes, and microgels. It also provides a critical assessment of the characteristics of colloidal particles that impact the effectiveness of protein delivery systems, such as particle composition, size, permeability, interfacial properties, and stability. This information should be useful for the rational design of medical foods, functional foods, and supplements for effective oral delivery of bioactive proteins.
有许多生物活性蛋白质和肽类可以通过功能性食品、补充剂或医疗食品进行口服递送，从而受益，这些物质包括激素、酶、抗菌剂、疫苗和 ACE 抑制剂。然而，许多这些生物活性蛋白质在商业产品或在人体胃肠道（GIT）内极易变性、聚集或水解。此外，许多生物活性蛋白质在 GIT 内具有较差的吸收特性。胶体系统，包含纳米粒子或微粒子，可设计用于包封、保留、保护和递送生物活性蛋白质。例如，生物活性蛋白质在储存和通过口腔和胃时必须保持包封和稳定，但随后在小肠内释放，在那里可以被吸收。本文综述了食品级胶体系统在生物活性蛋白质口服递送上的应用，包括微乳液、乳剂、纳米乳剂、固体脂质纳米粒、多重乳剂、脂质体和微凝胶。它还对影响蛋白质递送系统有效性的胶体颗粒特性进行了批判性评估，例如颗粒组成、大小、渗透性、界面特性和稳定性。这些信息对于医疗食品、功能性食品和补充剂的合理设计，以实现生物活性蛋白质的有效口服递送，应该是有用的。
