Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2018 Jul 1;113:494-506. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.130. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
Excessive use of agrochemicals for enhancing crop production and its protection posed environmental and health concern. Integration of advanced technology is required to realize the concept of precision agriculture by minimizing the input of pesticides and fertilizers per unit while improving the crop productivity. Notably, chitosan based biodegradable nanomaterials (NMs) including nanoparticles, nanogels and nanocomposites have eventually proceeded as a key choice in agriculture due to their inimitable properties like antimicrobial and plant growth promoting activities. The foreseeable role of chitosan based NMs in plants might be in achieving sustainable plant growth through boosting the intrinsic potential of plants. In-spite of the fact that chitosan based NMs abode immense biological activities in plants, these materials have not yet been widely adopted in agriculture due to poor understanding of their bioactivity and modes of action towards pathogenic microbes and in plant protection and growth. To expedite the anticipated claims of chitosan based NMs, it is imperative to line up all the possible bioactivities which denote for sustainable agriculture. Herein, we have highlighted, in-depth, various chitosan based NMs which have been used in plant growth and protection mainly against fungi, bacteria and viruses and have also explained their modes of action.
过度使用农用化学品来提高作物产量及其保护引起了环境和健康方面的关注。需要整合先进技术，通过最小化单位投入的农药和化肥，实现精准农业的概念，同时提高作物产量。值得注意的是，壳聚糖基可生物降解纳米材料（NMs），包括纳米粒子、纳米凝胶和纳米复合材料，由于其独特的抗菌和促进植物生长的特性，最终成为农业领域的一个关键选择。壳聚糖基 NMs 在植物中的可预见作用可能是通过增强植物的内在潜力来实现可持续的植物生长。尽管壳聚糖基 NMs 在植物中具有巨大的生物活性，但由于对其生物活性及其对病原微生物和植物保护与生长的作用模式的了解不足，这些材料尚未在农业中得到广泛应用。为了加速壳聚糖基 NMs 的预期应用，必须列出所有可能的生物活性，以促进可持续农业的发展。本文深入探讨了各种已用于植物生长和保护的壳聚糖基 NMs，主要是针对真菌、细菌和病毒，并解释了它们的作用模式。
