Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2020 Apr 1;25(7):1611. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071611.
The rise in the World's food demand in line with the increase of the global population has resulted in calls for more research on the production of sustainable food and sustainable agriculture. A natural biopolymer, chitosan, coupled with nanotechnology could offer a sustainable alternative to the use of conventional agrochemicals towards a safer agriculture industry. Here, we review the potential of chitosan-based agronanochemicals as a sustainable alternative in crop protection against pests, diseases as well as plant growth promoters. Such effort offers better alternatives: (1) the existing agricultural active ingredients can be encapsulated into chitosan nanocarriers for the formation of potent biocides against plant pathogens and pests; (2) the controlled release properties and high bioavailability of the nanoformulations help in minimizing the wastage and leaching of the agrochemicals' active ingredients; (3) the small size, in the nanometer regime, enhances the penetration on the plant cell wall and cuticle, which in turn increases the argochemical uptake; (4) the encapsulation of agrochemicals in chitosan nanocarriers shields the toxic effect of the free agrochemicals on the plant, cells and DNA, thus, minimizing the negative impacts of agrochemical active ingredients on human health and environmental wellness. In addition, this article also briefly reviews the mechanism of action of chitosan against pathogens and the elicitations of plant immunity and defense response activities of chitosan-treated plants.
随着全球人口的增加，世界粮食需求的增长导致人们呼吁加大对可持续粮食和可持续农业生产的研究力度。壳聚糖作为一种天然生物聚合物，与纳米技术结合，为常规农用化学品的使用提供了一种可持续的替代品，以实现更安全的农业产业。在这里，我们综述了壳聚糖基农用纳米化学品在防治病虫害和促进植物生长方面作为可持续替代品的潜力。这种方法提供了更好的选择：（1）可以将现有的农业活性成分封装到壳聚糖纳米载体中，形成针对植物病原体和害虫的有效杀菌剂；（2）纳米制剂的控制释放特性和高生物利用度有助于最大限度地减少农用化学品活性成分的浪费和浸出；（3）纳米级的小尺寸增强了对植物细胞壁和角质层的穿透性，从而增加了农用化学物质的吸收；（4）壳聚糖纳米载体对农用化学品的封装可以屏蔽游离农用化学品对植物、细胞和 DNA 的毒性作用，从而最大限度地减少农用化学物质活性成分对人类健康和环境的负面影响。此外，本文还简要综述了壳聚糖对病原体的作用机制以及壳聚糖处理植物的免疫和防御反应活性的诱导。
