低热量素食与地中海饮食对减轻体重和改善心血管风险状况的比较：CARDIVEG 研究（素食饮食预防心血管疾病）。

Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet).

机构信息

Departments of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (F.S., M.D., G.P., R.M., A.M.G., A.S., A.C.)

Clinical Nutrition Unit (F.S., A.C.).

出版信息

Circulation. 2018 Mar 13;137(11):1103-1113. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030088. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030088

PMID:29483085

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Only a few randomized dietary intervention studies that investigated the effects of lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (Vd) in clinically healthy omnivorous subjects are available.

METHODS

We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie Vd compared with a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MD), each lasting 3 months, with a crossover design. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight, body mass index, and fat mass changes between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in circulating cardiovascular disease risk parameters changes between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

One hundred eighteen subjects (mean age: 51.1 years, females: 78%) were enrolled. The total participation rate at the end of the study was 84.7%. No differences between the 2 diets in body weight were observed, as reported by similar and significant reductions obtained by both Vd (-1.88 kg) and MD (-1.77 kg). Similar results were observed for body mass index and fat mass. In contrast, significant differences between the 2 interventions were obtained for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin B levels. The difference between the Vd and MD groups, in terms of end-of-diet values, was recorded at 9.10 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (=0.01), 12.70 mg/dL for triglycerides (<0.01), and 32.32 pg/mL for vitamin B (<0.01). Finally, no significant difference was found between Vd and MD interventions in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin-17, which improved only in the MD group. Forty-six participants during the Vd period and 35 during the MD period reached the target values for ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor.

CONCLUSIONS

Both Vd and MD were effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and fat mass, with no significant differences between them. However, Vd was more effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, whereas MD led to a greater reduction in triglyceride levels.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02641834.

摘要

背景

仅有少数随机饮食干预研究调查了乳蛋素食（Vd）对临床健康杂食者的影响。

方法

我们将低热量 Vd 与低热量地中海饮食（MD）随机分配给超重、心血管风险低至中度的杂食者，每种饮食持续 3 个月，采用交叉设计。主要结局是两组间体重、体重指数和体脂变化的差异。次要结局是两组间循环心血管疾病风险参数变化的差异。

结果

共有 118 名受试者（平均年龄：51.1 岁，女性：78%）入组。研究结束时的总参与率为 84.7%。两种饮食在体重方面没有差异，因为两种饮食都观察到了相似且显著的体重减轻，Vd 组减少了 1.88 公斤，MD 组减少了 1.77 公斤。体重指数和体脂的结果也相似。相反，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和维生素 B 水平的差异在两种干预措施之间存在显著差异。Vd 和 MD 组之间的差异，以饮食结束时的值表示，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇为 9.10 毫克/分升（=0.01），甘油三酯为 12.70 毫克/分升（<0.01），维生素 B 为 32.32 皮克/毫升（<0.01）。最后，除了白细胞介素-17 仅在 MD 组改善外，Vd 和 MD 干预措施之间在氧化应激标志物和炎症细胞因子方面没有发现显著差异。在 Vd 期间有 46 名参与者和 MD 期间有 35 名参与者达到了≥1 个心血管风险因素的目标值。