Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 May;118(5):867-874. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3828-9. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
Since 2013, this journal has promoted the publication of thematic reviews (Taylor in Eur J Appl Physiol 113:1634, 2013), where leading groups were invited to review the critical literature within each of several sub-topics. The current theme is historically based, and is focussed on estimating the metabolic rate in humans. This review charts the development of our understanding of those methods, from the discovery of oxygen and carbon dioxide, to the introduction of highly sophisticated modern apparatus to examine the composition of expired gas and determine respiratory minute volume. An historical timeline links the six thematic vignettes on this theme. Modern advances have greatly enhanced data collection without significant decrements in measurement accuracy. At the same time, however, conceptual errors, particularly steady-state requirements, are too often ignored. Indeed, it is recognised that we often neglect the past, leading to errors in research design, experimental observations and data interpretation, and this appears to be increasingly prevalent within the open-access literature. Accordingly, the Editorial Board, in recognition of a widening gap between our experimental foundations and contemporary research, embarked on developing a number of thematic review series, of which this series is the first. The intent of each accompanying overview is to introduce and illuminate seminal investigations that led to significant scientific or intellectual breakthroughs, and to thereby whet the appetite of readers to delve more deeply into the historical literature; for it is only when the foundations are understood that we can best understand where we are now, and in which directions we should head.
自 2013 年以来，本刊一直致力于发表专题评论（Taylor 在 Eur J Appl Physiol 113:1634, 2013），邀请主要研究小组对每个子主题的关键文献进行综述。本期主题具有历史背景，重点是估算人体的代谢率。这篇综述追溯了我们对这些方法的理解的发展，从氧气和二氧化碳的发现，到引入高度复杂的现代仪器来检查呼出气体的成分并确定呼吸分钟量。一个历史时间线将这个主题的六个专题片段联系起来。现代进展极大地增强了数据收集，而测量精度没有显著下降。然而，与此同时，概念错误，特别是稳态要求，经常被忽视。事实上，人们认识到，我们经常忽视过去，导致研究设计、实验观察和数据解释中的错误，而这似乎在开放获取文献中越来越普遍。因此，编委会认识到我们的实验基础和当代研究之间的差距越来越大，着手开发了一系列专题评论系列，本系列是第一个。每篇伴随的概述的目的是介绍和阐明导致重大科学或智力突破的开创性研究，从而激发读者深入研究历史文献的兴趣；因为只有当我们理解了基础，我们才能最好地理解我们现在所处的位置，以及我们应该朝哪个方向前进。
