Claudino João Gustavo, Gabbett Tim J, Bourgeois Frank, Souza Helton de Sá, Miranda Rafael Chagas, Mezêncio Bruno, Soncin Rafael, Cardoso Filho Carlos Alberto, Bottaro Martim, Hernandez Arnaldo Jose, Amadio Alberto Carlos, Serrão Julio Cerca
School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Biomechanics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Faculty of Physical Education, University of Itaúna, Itaúna, Brazil.
Sports Med Open. 2018 Feb 26;4(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s40798-018-0124-5.
CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing high-intensity functional training modes in the world. However, scientific data regarding the practice of CrossFit is sparse. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the findings of scientific literature related to CrossFit via systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Bireme/MedLine, and SciELO online databases were conducted for articles reporting the effects of CrossFit training. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The Oxford Levels of Evidence was used for all included articles, and only studies that investigated the effects of CrossFit as a training program were included in the meta-analysis. For the meta-analysis, effect sizes (ESs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model.
Thirty-one articles were included in the systematic review and four were included in the meta-analysis. However, only two studies had a high level of evidence at low risk of bias. Scientific literature related to CrossFit has reported on body composition, psycho-physiological parameters, musculoskeletal injury risk, life and health aspects, and psycho-social behavior. In the meta-analysis, significant results were not found for any variables.
The current scientific literature related to CrossFit has few studies with high level of evidence at low risk of bias. However, preliminary data has suggested that CrossFit practice is associated with higher levels of sense of community, satisfaction, and motivation.
CrossFit被认为是全球发展最快的高强度功能性训练模式之一。然而，关于CrossFit训练实践的科学数据却很稀少。因此，本研究的目的是通过系统评价和荟萃分析来分析与CrossFit相关的科学文献的研究结果。
对PubMed、科学网、Scopus、Bireme/MedLine和SciELO在线数据库进行系统检索，以查找报告CrossFit训练效果的文章。系统评价遵循PRISMA指南。对所有纳入的文章采用牛津证据水平，荟萃分析仅纳入那些将CrossFit作为一种训练方案来研究其效果的研究。对于荟萃分析，计算了效应量（ESs）及其95%置信区间（CI），并使用随机效应模型评估异质性。
31篇文章被纳入系统评价，4篇被纳入荟萃分析。然而，只有两项研究具有低偏倚风险的高水平证据。与CrossFit相关的科学文献报道了身体成分、心理生理参数、肌肉骨骼损伤风险、生活与健康方面以及心理社会行为。在荟萃分析中，未发现任何变量有显著结果。
目前与CrossFit相关的科学文献中，低偏倚风险的高水平证据的研究较少。然而，初步数据表明，进行CrossFit训练与更高水平的社区感、满意度和动机相关。
