Meier Nicole, Schlie Jennifer, Schmidt Annette
Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2023 Apr 5;14:1146718. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1146718. eCollection 2023.
CrossFit is a functional fitness training program known for its day-to-day varying "Workouts of the Day" (WOD). In accordance with the 'CrossFit Level 1 Training Guide', regular CrossFit® training sessions consist of Warm-up, Mobility, Skill/Power training, WOD, and Cool-down. Despite the fast-growing and widespread popularity, data on the practical implementation of the training program based on scientific evidence are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to systematically review the existing literature on the physiological effects of regular CrossFit training in full extent instead of stand-alone WODs and to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the training behavior of CrossFit athletes. A systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines in April 2022 and updated in July 2022 using the following databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science. Using the keyword "CrossFit", 1,264 records were found. Based on the eligibility criteria, 12 studies are included and separated by topics: acute-short term physiological response (n = 8), and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 4). The results show that studies of regular training sessions were rarely conducted and contradicted the existing knowledge of the physiological demands [e.g., heart rate (HR)] of CrossFit. In detail, included studies demonstrate that training sessions last 30-60 min and provide a progressive increase in cardiovascular load up to maximal effort activity (>90% HR), differing from stand-alone WODs exclusively at high-intensity. Also, scarce research exists on COVID-19-pandemic-induced effects on training behavior, and studies are of moderate to low quality. There is still a lack of comprehensive analyses on the acute physiological effects of regular training sessions and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the scientific literature. Moreover, the inconsistent terminology used in CrossFit research complicates generalized conclusions. Therefore, future research on the training methodology of CrossFit needs to overcome terminological inequalities and examine scientifically the implementation of the concept by considering regular training sessions under practical settings.
CrossFit是一项功能性健身训练计划，以其每日不同的“当日训练”（WOD）而闻名。根据《CrossFit 1级训练指南》，常规的CrossFit®训练课程包括热身、灵活性训练、技能/力量训练、WOD和冷却。尽管该训练计划发展迅速且广受欢迎，但基于科学证据的关于其实际实施的数据却很少。因此，本研究的目的是全面系统地回顾关于常规CrossFit训练生理效应的现有文献，而非单独的WOD，并研究新冠疫情对CrossFit运动员训练行为的影响。2022年4月按照PRISMA指南进行了系统检索，并于2022年7月使用以下数据库进行了更新：PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Scopus和科学网。使用关键词“CrossFit”，共找到1264条记录。根据纳入标准，纳入了12项研究，并按主题分类：急性短期生理反应（n = 8）和新冠疫情的影响（n = 4）。结果表明，关于常规训练课程的研究很少，且与CrossFit生理需求（如心率）的现有知识相矛盾。具体而言，纳入的研究表明训练课程持续30 - 60分钟，并使心血管负荷逐渐增加至最大努力活动（>90%心率），这与仅在高强度下的单独WOD不同。此外，关于新冠疫情对训练行为影响的研究也很少，且研究质量中等至较低。科学文献中仍然缺乏对常规训练课程急性生理效应以及新冠疫情后果的综合分析。此外，CrossFit研究中使用的术语不一致，使得得出一般性结论变得复杂。因此，未来关于CrossFit训练方法的研究需要克服术语上的不平等，并在实际环境中考虑常规训练课程，对该概念的实施进行科学研究。
