Pontes Nancy M H, Ayres Cynthia G, Lewandowski Carla, Pontes Manuel C F
School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, New Jersey.
Department of Law and Justice, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey.
Res Nurs Health. 2018 Jun;41(3):243-251. doi: 10.1002/nur.21868. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
This research used four consecutive waves of data from the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), to estimate linear time trends by gender in the prevalence of school and electronic bullying victimization among U.S. high school students (N = 61,042). Dependent variables were student self-reported school bullying victimization and electronic bullying victimization during the previous 12 months. Independent variables used to estimate multiple logistic regression models by gender were survey year, race/ethnicity, and grade level. Results showed the prevalence of school bullying increased significantly among females from 2009 (21.2%) to 2015 (24.8%), linear trend OR = 1.08 [1.04, 1.12]; and decreased significantly among males from 2009 (18.7%) to 2015 (15.8%), linear trend OR = 0.93 [0.89, 0.98]. Prevalence of electronic bullying was unchanged between 2011 to 2015 among both male and female students. Asian race, relative to White race, was associated with significantly lower rates of both school and electronic bullying victimization among females, but not males. The incidence of school and electronic bullying victimization was significantly lower among Black and Hispanic students, but not among multiple-race students, regardless of student gender. Healthy People 2020 set a goal to reduce school bullying victimization 10% by 2019. As of 2015, school bullying victimization decreased significantly among males (16% decrease); it significantly increased among females (17% increase). Future research should explore underlying factors related to these divergent trends, and develop effective strategies to reverse the alarming rise in female school bullying victimization.
本研究使用了美国疾病控制中心（CDC）开展的全国青少年风险行为调查（YRBS）连续四轮的数据，以估算美国高中生（N = 61,042）中校园欺凌和电子欺凌受害率按性别划分的线性时间趋势。因变量为学生自我报告的过去12个月内的校园欺凌受害情况和电子欺凌受害情况。用于按性别估算多元逻辑回归模型的自变量为调查年份、种族/族裔和年级。结果显示，2009年至2015年期间，女性校园欺凌受害率从21.2%显著上升至24.8%，线性趋势比值比（OR）= 1.08 [1.04, 1.12]；而男性校园欺凌受害率从2009年的18.7%显著下降至2015年的15.8%，线性趋势OR = 0.93 [0.89, 0.98]。2011年至2015年期间，男女生的电子欺凌受害率均无变化。相对于白人种族，亚洲种族的女性在校园欺凌和电子欺凌中的受害率显著较低，但男性并非如此。无论学生性别如何，黑人和西班牙裔学生的校园欺凌和电子欺凌受害率显著较低，但多种族学生并非如此。《健康人民2020》设定了到2019年将校园欺凌受害率降低10%的目标。截至2015年，男性校园欺凌受害率显著下降（下降16%）；女性校园欺凌受害率显著上升（上升17%）。未来的研究应探索与这些不同趋势相关的潜在因素，并制定有效策略，以扭转女性校园欺凌受害率惊人上升的局面。
