Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle 1871, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle 1871, Ethiopia.
Microb Pathog. 2018 Apr;117:237-242. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.047. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem and ranks as the second leading cause of death among deaths caused by infectious diseases worldwide. Although the availability of short-course regimens as first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains pose a major challenge to the prevention and control efforts of national tuberculosis programs (NTPs). M. tuberculosis changes its cellular environment with the mechanisms that have been evolved since prehistoric times. The interactions between the bacteria and the host environment have been studied well. However, the studies at molecular level began to emerge recently including expression profiling of micro RNA (miRNA) and literature survey revealed that researchers find more information about their regulatory role in biological processes including immune response to infectious agents like mycobacteria. In developing countries, including Ethiopia, the burden of tuberculosis and or drug resistance profile of M. tuberculosis remains largely unexplored, mainly due to lack of quality controlled second-line laboratory tests and also lack of knowledge on molecular diagnostics. This review describes the disease etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, molecular mechanism and advanced molecular diagnostics for precision MDR-TB diagnosis.
结核病（TB）仍然是一个主要的全球卫生问题，是全球传染病死亡原因中排名第二的疾病。虽然短程方案作为一线抗结核药物的可用性，但耐药结核分枝杆菌菌株的出现对国家结核病规划（NTP）的预防和控制工作构成了重大挑战。结核分枝杆菌通过史前以来进化的机制改变其细胞环境。细菌与宿主环境之间的相互作用已经得到了很好的研究。然而，最近才开始在分子水平上进行研究，包括 microRNA (miRNA) 的表达谱分析，文献综述表明，研究人员发现了更多关于它们在包括对分枝杆菌等感染因子的免疫反应在内的生物学过程中的调节作用的信息。在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的发展中国家，结核病负担和/或结核分枝杆菌的耐药情况在很大程度上仍未得到探索，主要是因为缺乏质量控制的二线实验室检测，也缺乏对分子诊断的了解。本综述描述了疾病的病因、发病机制、流行病学、分子机制以及用于精确诊断耐多药结核病的先进分子诊断方法。
