Brugniaux Julien Vincent, Coombs Geoff B, Barak Otto F, Dujic Zeljko, Sekhon Mypinder S, Ainslie Philip N
School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales , Australia.
Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018 Jul 1;315(1):R1-R27. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00165.2017. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Molecular oxygen (O) is a vital element in human survival and plays a major role in a diverse range of biological and physiological processes. Although normobaric hyperoxia can increase arterial oxygen content ([Formula: see text]), it also causes vasoconstriction and hence reduces O delivery in various vascular beds, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Thus, a seemingly paradoxical situation exists in which the administration of oxygen may place tissues at increased risk of hypoxic stress. Nevertheless, with various degrees of effectiveness, and not without consequences, supplemental oxygen is used clinically in an attempt to correct tissue hypoxia (e.g., brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.) and chronic hypoxemia (e.g., severe COPD, etc.) and to help with wound healing, necrosis, or reperfusion injuries (e.g., compromised grafts). Hyperoxia has also been used liberally by athletes in a belief that it offers performance-enhancing benefits; such benefits also extend to hypoxemic patients both at rest and during rehabilitation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of hyperoxia in humans from the "bench to bedside." The first section will focus on the basic physiological principles of partial pressure of arterial O, [Formula: see text], and barometric pressure and how these changes lead to variation in regional O delivery. This review provides an overview of the evidence for and against the use of hyperoxia as an aid to enhance physical performance. The final section addresses pathophysiological concepts, clinical studies, and implications for therapy. The potential of O toxicity and future research directions are also considered.
分子氧（O₂）是人类生存中的一种重要元素，在多种生物和生理过程中发挥着主要作用。虽然常压高氧可增加动脉血氧含量（[公式：见正文]），但它也会引起血管收缩，从而减少包括心脏、骨骼肌和大脑在内的各种血管床的氧输送。因此，存在一种看似矛盾的情况，即给予氧气可能会使组织面临缺氧应激风险增加的情况。然而，尽管效果各异且并非没有后果，但临床上仍使用补充氧气来试图纠正组织缺氧（如脑缺血、创伤性脑损伤、一氧化碳中毒等）和慢性低氧血症（如重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病等），并有助于伤口愈合、坏死或再灌注损伤（如移植组织受损）。运动员也大量使用高氧，认为它能带来提高运动表现的益处；这种益处也适用于静息和康复期间的低氧血症患者。本综述旨在全面概述从“实验室到临床”高氧对人类的影响。第一部分将重点关注动脉血氧分压（[公式：见正文]）和气压的基本生理原理，以及这些变化如何导致局部氧输送的变化。本综述概述了支持和反对使用高氧来提高运动表现的证据。最后一部分讨论病理生理概念、临床研究及其对治疗的意义。还考虑了氧中毒的可能性和未来的研究方向。
