State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; email:
Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2018 Apr 29;69:577-609. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040431. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Meiosis halves diploid chromosome numbers to haploid levels that are essential for sexual reproduction in most eukaryotes. Meiotic recombination ensures the formation of bivalents between homologous chromosomes (homologs) and their subsequent proper segregation. It also results in genetic diversity among progeny that influences evolutionary responses to selection. Moreover, crop breeding depends upon the action of meiotic recombination to rearrange elite traits between parental chromosomes. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive meiotic recombination is important for both fundamental research and practical applications. This review emphasizes advances made during the past 5 years, primarily in Arabidopsis and rice, by summarizing newly characterized genes and proteins and examining the regulatory mechanisms that modulate their action.
减数分裂将二倍体染色体数量减半至单倍体水平，这对大多数真核生物的有性繁殖至关重要。减数分裂重组确保同源染色体（同源物）之间形成二价体，并随后进行正确的分离。它还导致后代中的遗传多样性，影响对选择的进化反应。此外，作物育种依赖于减数分裂重组的作用，以在亲本染色体之间重新排列优秀性状。了解驱动减数分裂重组的分子机制对于基础研究和实际应用都很重要。本综述主要在拟南芥和水稻中强调了过去 5 年取得的进展，通过总结新鉴定的基因和蛋白质，并研究调节其作用的调控机制，对其进行了综述。
