McKinnon Meghan R, Simpson Ellie K, Henneberg Maciej
Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
Forensic Science South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
J Forensic Sci. 2018 Nov;63(6):1641-1651. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13768. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
Previous studies have used longitudinal samples to investigate growth of the skeletal aspects of the face, although far less has been done on facial soft tissue. This study uses a larger sample than previous studies on the same data (Denver and Fels growth series) to explore covariation of bony and soft facial dimensions comprehensively from childhood to adulthood. A total of 1036 lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized from 60 individuals, and distances between facial landmarks were measured using ImageJ. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed all bony facial landmark distances were significantly different (p > 0.05) between age groups; however, only half were significantly different between sexes. Further analysis showed the effect of age (calculated as eta-squared) explained a greater percentage of total variation (20%) than sex (15%). Overall, soft tissue changes between 0 and 19 years of age were small (<3 mm) and only some were correlated to underlying facial skeleton dimensions.
以往的研究使用纵向样本调查面部骨骼方面的生长情况，不过对面部软组织的研究要少得多。本研究使用了比以往基于相同数据（丹佛和费尔斯生长系列）的研究更大的样本，以全面探讨从儿童期到成年期面部骨骼和软组织尺寸的协变关系。从60名个体中数字化采集了总共1036张头颅侧位X线片，并使用ImageJ测量面部标志点之间的距离。多变量方差分析（MANOVA）显示，各年龄组之间所有面部骨骼标志点的距离均存在显著差异（p > 0.05）；然而，只有一半在性别之间存在显著差异。进一步分析表明，年龄的影响（以偏 eta 平方计算）解释的总变异百分比（20%）高于性别（15%）。总体而言，0至19岁之间的软组织变化较小（<3毫米），只有一些与面部骨骼的基础尺寸相关。
