ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 1;8(1):3847. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22104-3.
Human noise pollution has increased markedly since the start of industrialization and there is international concern about how this may impact wildlife. Here we determined whether real motorboat noise affected the behavior, space use and escape response of a juvenile damselfish (Pomacentrus wardi) in the wild, and explored whether fish respond effectively to chemical and visual threats in the presence of two common types of motorboat noise. Noise from 30 hp 2-stroke outboard motors reduced boldness and activity of fish on habitat patches compared to ambient reef-sound controls. Fish also no longer responded to alarm odours with an antipredator response, instead increasing activity and space use, and fewer fish responded appropriately to a looming threat. In contrast, while there was a minor influence of noise from a 30 hp 4-stroke outboard on space use, there was no influence on their ability to respond to alarm odours, and no impact on their escape response. Evidence suggests that anthropogenic noise impacts the way juvenile fish assess risk, which will reduce individual fitness and survival, however, not all engine types cause major effects. This finding may give managers options by which they can reduce the impact of motorboat noise on inshore fish communities.
自工业化开始以来，人类噪声污染显著增加，国际社会关注这种情况可能如何影响野生动物。在这里，我们确定了真实的摩托艇噪声是否会影响野生幼年雀鲷（Pomacentrus wardi）的行为、空间利用和逃避反应，并探讨了在两种常见类型的摩托艇噪声存在的情况下，鱼类是否能有效地对化学和视觉威胁做出反应。与环境珊瑚礁声音对照相比，30 马力 2 冲程舷外发动机的噪声降低了鱼类在栖息地斑块上的大胆性和活动性。鱼类也不再对警报气味做出防御性反应，而是增加了活动和空间利用，并且较少的鱼类对逼近的威胁做出适当的反应。相比之下，虽然 30 马力 4 冲程舷外发动机的噪声对空间利用有轻微影响，但对其对警报气味的反应能力没有影响，也没有对其逃避反应产生影响。有证据表明，人为噪声会影响幼年鱼类评估风险的方式，这将降低个体的适应性和生存能力，但并非所有发动机类型都会造成重大影响。这一发现为管理者提供了选择，可以减少摩托艇噪声对近岸鱼类群落的影响。
