Division of Education Leadership and Innovation, Mary Lou Fulton Teacher's College, Arizona State University.
Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018 Mar;86(3):218-230. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000281.
The consequences of maternal depressed mood on children's growth, health, and cognitive and language development are examined over the first 3 years of life.
Pregnant women in 24 periurban township neighborhoods in Cape Town, South Africa (N = 1,238 mothers) were randomized by neighborhood to a home visiting intervention or a standard care condition. Reassessments were conducted for 93%-85% of mothers at 2-weeks, 6-, 18-, and 36-months postbirth. Regressions were conducted on measures of children's growth, behavior, language, and cognition to examine the impact of four patterns of depressed mood: antenatal only (n = 154, 13.8%), postnatal only (n = 272, 24.3%), antenatal and postnatal (n = 220, 19.7%), and no depressed mood on any assessment (n = 473, 42.3%).
Patterns of depressed mood were similar across intervention conditions. Depressed mothers were significantly less educated, had lower incomes, were less likely to be employed or to have electricity; were more likely to report problematic drinking of alcohol, experience food insecurity, interpersonal partner violence, and to be HIV seropositive. At 36 months, the pattern of maternal depressed mood over time was significantly associated with children's compromised physical growth, both in weight and height, and more internalizing and externalizing symptoms of behavior problems. Measures of language and cognition were similar across maternal patterns of depressed mood.
Mothers who report depressed mood face significantly more life challenges, both environmental stressors related to poverty and other problematic behaviors. More proximal, postnatal depressed mood appears to have a larger influence on their children, compared with antenatal depressed mood. (PsycINFO Database Record
研究产妇抑郁情绪对儿童生长、健康以及认知和语言发展的影响，随访时间为 3 年。
在南非开普敦的 24 个城乡乡镇街区，将孕妇按街区随机分为家访干预组或标准护理组。对 93%-85%的母亲在产后 2 周、6 个月、18 个月和 36 个月进行了重新评估。对儿童生长、行为、语言和认知的测量值进行回归分析，以研究四种抑郁情绪模式的影响：仅产前（n = 154，13.8%）、仅产后（n = 272，24.3%）、产前和产后（n = 220，19.7%）以及任何评估均无抑郁情绪（n = 473，42.3%）。
干预条件下抑郁情绪模式相似。抑郁母亲的受教育程度显著较低，收入较低，不太可能就业或用电；更有可能报告酗酒、食物不安全、人际伴侣暴力和 HIV 阳性。在 36 个月时，母亲抑郁情绪随时间的变化模式与儿童身体生长受损显著相关，包括体重和身高，以及更多的内化和外化行为问题症状。语言和认知测量值在不同的母亲抑郁情绪模式中相似。
报告抑郁情绪的母亲面临更多的生活挑战，包括与贫困相关的环境压力源和其他问题行为。与产前抑郁情绪相比，产后近期的抑郁情绪似乎对她们的孩子有更大的影响。
