NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States.
NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 Sep;131:102-112. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.03.001. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified a potential risk of spatial disorientation, motion sickness, and degraded performance to astronauts during re-entry and landing of the proposed Orion crew vehicle. The purpose of this study was to determine if a physiological training procedure, Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), can mitigate these adverse effects. Fourteen men and six women were assigned to two groups (AFTE, no-treatment Control) matched for motion sickness susceptibility and gender. All subjects received a standard rotating chair test to determine motion sickness susceptibility; three training sessions on a manual performance task; and four exposures in the rotating chair (Orion tests) simulating angular accelerations of the crew vehicle during re-entry. AFTE subjects received 2 h of training before Orion tests 2, 3, and 4. Motion sickness symptoms, task performance, and physiological measures were recorded on all subjects. Results showed that the AFTE group had significantly lower symptom scores when compared to Controls on test 2 (p = .05), test 3 (p = .03), and test 4 (p = .02). Although there were no significant group differences on task performance, trends showed that AFTE subjects were less impaired than Controls. Heart rate change scores (20 rpm minus baseline) of AFTE subjects indicated significantly less reactivity on Test 4 compared to Test 1 (10.09 versus 16.59, p = .02), while Controls did not change significantly across tests. Results of this study indicate that AFTE may be an effective countermeasure for mitigating spatial disorientation and motion sickness in astronauts.
美国国家航空航天局（NASA）已经确定，在拟议的猎户座载人飞船的再入和着陆过程中，宇航员可能会面临空间迷向、运动病和表现下降的风险。本研究的目的是确定生理训练程序——自主反馈训练练习（AFTE）是否可以减轻这些不利影响。14 名男性和 6 名女性被分配到两个组（AFTE、无治疗对照），根据运动病易感性和性别进行匹配。所有受试者都接受了标准的转椅测试，以确定运动病易感性；在手动绩效任务上进行了三次训练；并在转椅上进行了四次暴露（猎户座测试），模拟了载人飞船在再入过程中的角加速度。AFTE 组在猎户座测试 2、3 和 4 之前接受了 2 小时的训练。所有受试者都记录了运动病症状、任务表现和生理测量结果。结果表明，与对照组相比，AFTE 组在测试 2（p=0.05）、测试 3（p=0.03）和测试 4（p=0.02）时的症状评分显著降低。尽管在任务表现上没有显著的组间差异，但趋势表明，AFTE 组的表现受损程度低于对照组。AFTE 组的心率变化评分（20rpm 减去基线）在测试 4 时比测试 1 时显著降低（10.09 与 16.59，p=0.02），而对照组在各测试中没有显著变化。本研究的结果表明，AFTE 可能是减轻宇航员空间迷向和运动病的有效对策。
