Curr Opin Lipidol. 2018 Apr;29(2):116-124. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000491.
It is becoming increasingly evident that epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, play a role in the regulation of blood lipid levels and lipid metabolism-linked phenotypes and diseases.
Recent genome-wide methylation and candidate gene studies of blood lipids have highlighted several robustly replicated methylation markers across different ethnicities. Furthermore, many of these lipid-related CpG sites associated with blood lipids are also linked to lipid-related phenotypes and diseases. Integrating epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) data with other layers of molecular data such as genetics or the transcriptome, accompanied by relevant statistical methods (e.g. Mendelian randomization), provides evidence for causal relationships. Recent data suggest that epigenetic changes can be consequences rather than causes of dyslipidemia. There is sparse information on many lipid classes and disorders of lipid metabolism, and also on the interplay of DNA methylation with other epigenetic layers such as histone modifications and regulatory RNAs.
The current review provides a literature overview of epigenetic modifications in lipid metabolism and other lipid-related phenotypes and diseases focusing on EWAS of DNA methylation from January 2016 to September 2017. Recent studies strongly support the importance of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, in lipid metabolism and related diseases for relevant biological insights, reliable biomarkers, and even future therapeutics.
越来越明显的是，表观遗传机制，特别是 DNA 甲基化，在调节血脂水平和与脂质代谢相关的表型和疾病方面发挥作用。
最近对血脂的全基因组甲基化和候选基因研究强调了不同种族之间存在几个经过充分验证的甲基化标记。此外，许多与脂质相关的 CpG 位点与血脂相关，也与脂质相关的表型和疾病相关。将全基因组关联研究（EWAS）数据与其他分子数据层（如遗传学或转录组）整合，并结合相关统计方法（如孟德尔随机化），为因果关系提供了证据。最近的数据表明，表观遗传变化可能是血脂异常的后果而不是原因。关于许多脂质类和脂质代谢紊乱，以及 DNA 甲基化与组蛋白修饰和调节 RNA 等其他表观遗传层之间的相互作用，信息仍然很少。
本综述提供了 2016 年 1 月至 2017 年 9 月期间关于 DNA 甲基化的 EWAS 的文献综述，重点介绍了脂质代谢和其他与脂质相关的表型和疾病中的表观遗传修饰。最近的研究强烈支持表观遗传修饰（如 DNA 甲基化）在脂质代谢和相关疾病中的重要性，这为相关生物学见解、可靠的生物标志物甚至未来的治疗提供了依据。
