Laboratory for Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Mar 9;15(3):478. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15030478.
Ticks are the major vectors of most disease-causing agents to humans, companion animals and wildlife. Moreover, ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic agents than any other blood-feeding arthropod. Ticks have been expanding their geographic ranges in recent decades largely due to climate change. Furthermore, tick populations in many areas of their past and even newly established localities have increased in abundance. These dynamic changes present new and increasing severe public health threats to humans, livestock and companion animals in areas where they were previously unknown or were considered to be of minor importance. Here in this review, the geographic status of four representative tick species are discussed in relation to these public health concerns, namely, the American dog tick, , the lone star tick, , the Gulf Coast Tick, and the black-legged tick, . Both biotic and abiotic factors that may influence future range expansion and successful colony formation in new habitats are discussed.
蜱虫是大多数致病因子向人类、伴侣动物和野生动物传播的主要媒介。此外，蜱虫传播的病原体种类比任何其他吸血节肢动物都多。近几十年来，由于气候变化，蜱虫的地理分布范围一直在扩大。此外，在过去甚至新建立的地方，许多地区的蜱虫种群数量都有所增加。这些动态变化给以前未知或被认为不重要的地区的人类、牲畜和伴侣动物带来了新的、日益严重的公共卫生威胁。在这篇综述中，讨论了四种有代表性的蜱虫物种的地理状况与这些公共卫生问题的关系，即美洲狗蜱、孤星蜱、海湾角蜱和黑腿蜱。讨论了可能影响未来在新栖息地扩张和成功形成群体的生物和非生物因素。
