Sievert K-D, Dräger D-L, Köhn F-M, Milerski S, Protzel C, Hakenberg O W
Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland.
Andrologicum München, München, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2018 Apr;57(4):418-422. doi: 10.1007/s00120-018-0602-x.
Penile cancer is often an obvious visual diagnosis but histologic verification should be obtained prior to treatment. The clinical examination should determine the tumor stage and whether it has infiltrated the cavernous bodies and/or the urethra and it should adequately assess the inguinal lymph nodes. Preoperative imaging of the lesion is only indicated in equivocal cases. Curative treatment requires the complete removal of the primary tumor and all metastatic lymph nodes. Lymph node management is the key prognostic factor in the treatment of penile cancer. No imagining technique such as the ultrasound, CT, MRI or PET/CT is able to adequately detect micrometastatic lymph nodes. Therefore, invasive (inguinal) lymph node diagnosis is indicated for all tumour stages from pT1G2. Over 90% of penile cancer cases can be cured with early diagnosis and adequate treatment if routine self-examination and physical examinations are regularly performed.
阴茎癌通常通过肉眼即可明显诊断，但在治疗前应进行组织学验证。临床检查应确定肿瘤分期，以及它是否已浸润海绵体和/或尿道，并应充分评估腹股沟淋巴结。仅在诊断不明确的病例中才需要对病变进行术前影像学检查。根治性治疗需要完全切除原发性肿瘤和所有转移性淋巴结。淋巴结处理是阴茎癌治疗中的关键预后因素。没有任何成像技术，如超声、CT、MRI或PET/CT能够充分检测出微转移淋巴结。因此，对于所有pT1G2及以上的肿瘤分期，均需进行有创（腹股沟）淋巴结诊断。如果定期进行常规自我检查和体格检查，超过90%的阴茎癌病例可通过早期诊断和适当治疗得以治愈。
