State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Plant Reprod. 2018 Sep;31(3):237-251. doi: 10.1007/s00497-018-0333-6. Epub 2018 Mar 10.
Summary of rice grain size. Rice is one of the most important crops in the world. Increasing rice yield has been an urgent need to support the rapid growth of global population. The size of grains is one of major components determining rice yield; thus, grain size has been an essential target during rice breeding. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of grain size control can provide new strategies for yield improvement in rice. In general, the final size of rice grains is coordinately controlled by cell proliferation and cell expansion in the spikelet hull, which sets the storage capacity of the grain and limits grain filling. Recent studies have identified several quantitative trait loci and a number of genes as key grain size regulators. These regulators are involved in G protein signaling, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, phytohormone signalings, or transcriptional regulation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on grain size control in rice and discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms of these grain size regulators.
水稻粒型综述。水稻是世界上最重要的作物之一。提高水稻产量一直是支持全球人口快速增长的迫切需要。粒型是决定水稻产量的主要因素之一；因此，在水稻育种中，粒型一直是一个重要的目标。了解粒型控制的遗传和分子机制可为提高水稻产量提供新策略。一般来说，水稻籽粒的最终大小由小穗颖壳中的细胞增殖和细胞扩展协同控制，这决定了籽粒的储存能力，并限制了籽粒灌浆。最近的研究已经确定了几个数量性状位点和一些作为关键粒型调控因子的基因。这些调节剂参与 G 蛋白信号转导、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路、泛素-蛋白酶体途径、植物激素信号转导或转录调控。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对水稻粒型控制的认识，并讨论了这些粒型调控因子的遗传和分子机制。
