Wang Lili, Zhang Liying, He Na, Wang Changhua, Zhang Yuanlei, Ma Zuobin, Zheng Wenjing, Ma Dianrong, Wang Hui, Tang Zhiqiang
Rice Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110101, China.
Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110101, China.
Foods. 2025 Mar 21;14(7):1093. doi: 10.3390/foods14071093.
With the continuous improvement in living standards, consumers' demand for rice quality has been increasingly growing. This study analyzed the quality characteristics of different rice varieties under various cultivation methods. This study examined the rice variety Liaoxing 21 (LX21), the upland rice variety Han 9710 (H9710), and the hybrid rice variety Liaoyou 7362 (LY7362) from Liaoning Province to evaluate the effects of transplanting (TP) and direct seeding (DS) on processing, appearance, nutritional, and tasting quality. The results indicated that the planting method (PM) had a relatively minor impact on processing quality. Compared to TP, DS significantly increased grain length (GL) by 1.19%, grain width (GW) by 2.69%, appearance (A) by 2.61%, stickiness (Ss) by 7.15%, degree of balance (DB) by 3.19%, apparent amylose content (AAC%) by 6.20%, fa by 0.66%, fa/fb by 5.34%, and protein content (PC) by 19.93%. However, DS significantly reduced the grain length/width ratio (GL/W) by 1.03%, chalky grain rate (CGR) by 46.00%, chalkiness (CH) by 52.76%, and fb by 4.23%. Compared to DS, TP resulted in a higher peak viscosity (PV), final viscosity (FV), and pasting temperature (PaT), whereas setback (SB) was lower. Among the tested varieties, LX21 exhibited superior milled rice rate (MRR), head rice rate (HRR), GL, GL/W, A, Ss, DB, taste value (T), and FV compared to H9710 and LY7362, while demonstrating significantly lower CGR, CH, hardness (H), fa, trough viscosity (TV), and peak time (PeT). Under the same planting conditions, the conventional rice variety LX21 demonstrated excellent processing, appearance, and taste quality, whereas H9710 exhibited favorable nutritional quality and Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) characteristics. Meanwhile, we also analyzed the correlation between temperature/light conditions and nutritional quality, as well as RVA profiles. The results showed that variations in temperature and light were closely associated with amylopectin accumulation and starch pasting properties. This study highlights the findings that selecting the appropriate PMs and japonica rice varieties can effectively enhance overall rice quality. In the medium maturing regions of Liaoning Province, adopting DS with medium-early maturing japonica rice varieties offers an optimal production strategy for achieving high quality, high yield, and efficient utilization of temperature and light resources.
随着生活水平的不断提高，消费者对稻米品质的需求日益增长。本研究分析了不同栽培方式下不同水稻品种的品质特性。本研究考察了来自辽宁省的水稻品种辽星21（LX21）、旱稻品种旱9710（H9710）和杂交水稻品种辽优7362（LY7362），以评估移栽（TP）和直播（DS）对加工、外观、营养和食味品质的影响。结果表明，种植方式（PM）对加工品质的影响相对较小。与移栽相比，直播显著增加粒长（GL）1.19%、粒宽（GW）2.69%、外观（A）2.61%、粘性（Ss）7.15%、平衡度（DB）3.19%、表观直链淀粉含量（AAC%）6.20%、脂肪酸（fa）0.66%、fa/fb 5.34%以及蛋白质含量（PC）19.93%。然而，直播显著降低长宽比（GL/W）1.03%、垩白粒率（CGR）46.00%、垩白度（CH）52.76%以及脂肪酸（fb）4.23%。与直播相比，移栽导致更高的峰值粘度（PV）、最终粘度（FV）和糊化温度（PaT），而回生值（SB）较低。在所测试的品种中，与旱9710和辽优7362相比，辽星21表现出更高的出糙率（MRR）、整精米率（HRR）、粒长、长宽比、外观、粘性、平衡度、食味值（T）和最终粘度，同时表现出显著更低的垩白粒率、垩白度、硬度（H）、脂肪酸、低谷粘度（TV）和峰值时间（PeT）。在相同种植条件下，常规水稻品种辽星21表现出优异的加工、外观和食味品质，而旱9710表现出良好的营养品质和快速粘度分析仪（RVA）特性。同时，我们还分析了温度/光照条件与营养品质以及RVA谱之间的相关性。结果表明，温度和光照的变化与支链淀粉积累和淀粉糊化特性密切相关。本研究突出了以下发现：选择合适的种植方式和粳稻品种可以有效提高稻米整体品质。在辽宁省中熟稻区，采用直播搭配中早熟粳稻品种是实现优质、高产以及高效利用温光资源的最佳生产策略。
