FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 May;88:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Mar 10.
The study of fear extinction represents an important example of translational neuroscience in psychiatry and promises to improve the understanding and treatment of anxiety and fear-related disorders. We present the results of a set of meta-analyses of human fear extinction studies in healthy participants, conducted with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and reporting whole-brain results. Meta-analyses of fear extinction learning primarily implicate consistent activation of brain regions linked to threat appraisal and experience, including the dorsal anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortices. An overlapping anatomical result was obtained from the meta-analysis of extinction recall studies, except when studies directly compared an extinguished threat stimulus to an unextinguished threat stimulus (instead of a safety stimulus). In this latter instance, more consistent activation was observed in dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex regions, together with other areas including the hippocampus. While our results partially support the notion of a shared neuroanatomy between human and rodent models of extinction processes, they also encourage an expanded account of the neural basis of human fear extinction.
恐惧消退研究是精神病学中转译神经科学的一个重要范例，有望增进对焦虑和恐惧相关障碍的理解和治疗。我们呈现了一组健康被试者的人类恐惧消退研究的荟萃分析结果，这些研究采用了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）并报告了全脑结果。恐惧消退学习的荟萃分析主要涉及到与威胁评估和体验相关的大脑区域的一致激活，包括背侧前扣带皮层和前岛叶皮层。从消退回忆研究的荟萃分析中获得了一个重叠的解剖学结果，除非研究直接将消退的威胁刺激与未消退的威胁刺激（而不是安全刺激）进行比较。在后一种情况下，在背外侧和腹内侧前额叶皮层区域以及其他区域（包括海马体）观察到更一致的激活。虽然我们的结果部分支持了人类和啮齿动物模型的消退过程的共享神经解剖结构的观点，但它们也鼓励对人类恐惧消退的神经基础进行扩展解释。
