University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
State Veterinary Laboratory, Slowicza 2, 20-336 Lublin, Poland.
Med Mycol. 2019 Feb 1;57(2):171-180. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myy011.
Dermatophyte infections are extremely frequent worldwide, and their epidemiological features and distribution make them one of the most frequent infections all over the world. We identified and analysed multiform T. mentagrophytes strains isolated from a silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) kept on a breeding farm. Identification of dermatophyte strains was carried out traditionally by correlating both the clinical manifestations of the infection with a micro- and macroscopic examination. To confirm the species affiliation fully, molecular differentiation methods were used. DNA was isolated from the dermatophytes with the phenol-chloroform method. The reaction of chitin synthase 1 (chs1) amplification was carried out to confirm the dermatophytes. The phylogenetic analysis was based on the ITS sequences. The polymerase chain reaction melting profile (PCR-MP) procedure was used for differentiation of dermatophyte genomes. Direct analysis of the material sampled from the clinical lesions revealed the presence of arthrospores in the samples collected from all animals with skin lesions. The macromorphology of the colonies obtained from material sampled from the same individual was not homogeneous. The PCR-MP electrophoregram indicated high variability of their genomes. Although the dermatophytes were isolated from one infected fox, no two identical genomic profiles were obtained. The PCR-MP result corresponds with the phenotypic diversity of the isolates. The findings about the multiple dermatophyte infection in one individual complicate any future epidemiology work and other clinical investigation. Previously, using only morphological characteristics, it had been assumed that one fungal isolate per patient could be diagnosed. The novel findings encourage application of the newly developed molecular typing methods in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis.
皮肤癣菌感染在全球范围内非常普遍，其流行病学特征和分布使其成为全球最常见的感染之一。我们从一家养殖农场饲养的银狐（Vulpes vulpes）中分离和分析了多种形态的 T. mentagrophytes 菌株。通过将感染的临床表现与微观和宏观检查相关联，传统上进行皮肤癣菌菌株的鉴定。为了完全确认物种归属，使用了分子分化方法。用苯酚-氯仿法从皮肤癣菌中分离 DNA。通过 chitin synthase 1 (chs1) 扩增反应来确认皮肤癣菌。系统发育分析基于 ITS 序列。聚合酶链反应熔解曲线（PCR-MP）程序用于区分皮肤癣菌基因组。直接分析从临床病变采集的材料显示，从所有有皮肤病变的动物采集的样本中都存在节孢子。从同一个体采集的材料获得的菌落的宏观形态不均匀。PCR-MP 电泳图表明它们的基因组高度多样化。尽管从一只感染的狐狸中分离出了皮肤癣菌，但没有获得两个相同的基因组图谱。PCR-MP 结果与分离株的表型多样性相对应。在一个个体中发现多种皮肤癣菌感染使任何未来的流行病学工作和其他临床调查复杂化。以前，仅使用形态特征，曾假设每个患者可以诊断出一个真菌分离株。新的发现鼓励在皮肤癣菌病的诊断中应用新开发的分子分型方法。
