Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Mar 12;10(3):345. doi: 10.3390/nu10030345.
Proactive nutrition screening is an effective public health strategy for identifying and targeting individuals who could benefit from making dietary improvements for primary and secondary prevention of disease. The Dietary Screening Tool (DST) was developed and validated to assess nutritional risk among rural older adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and validity of the DST to identify nutritional risk in middle-aged adults. This cross-sectional study in middle-aged adults (45-64 year olds, = 87) who reside in Appalachia, examined nutritional status using an online health survey, biochemical measures, anthropometry, and three representative 24-h dietary recalls. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was calculated to describe overall diet quality. Adults identified by the DST with a nutrition risk had lower HEI scores (50 vs. 64, < 0.001) and were much more likely to also be considered at dietary risk by the HEI (OR 11.6; 3.2-42.6) when compared to those not at risk. Those at risk had higher energy-adjusted total fat, saturated fat, and added sugar intakes and lower intakes of dietary fiber, and several micronutrients than those classified as not at risk by the DST. Similarly, the at-risk group had significantly lower serum levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin but did not differ in retinol or methylmalonic acid compared with those not at risk. The DST is a valid tool to identify middle-aged adults with nutritional risk.
主动营养筛查是一种有效的公共卫生策略，可用于识别和针对那些可以通过改善饮食来预防疾病的一级和二级预防的个体。饮食筛查工具（DST）是为评估农村老年人的营养风险而开发和验证的。本研究的目的是评估 DST 在识别中年成年人营养风险方面的效用和有效性。这项在阿巴拉契亚地区中年成年人（45-64 岁， = 87）中的横断面研究使用在线健康调查、生化指标、人体测量学和三个具有代表性的 24 小时膳食回忆来评估营养状况。健康饮食指数（HEI）用于描述整体饮食质量。通过 DST 确定有营养风险的成年人的 HEI 评分较低（50 分与 64 分， < 0.001），并且通过 HEI 被认为处于饮食风险的可能性也高得多（OR 11.6；3.2-42.6）与无风险者相比。有风险者的能量调整后总脂肪、饱和脂肪和添加糖摄入量较高，膳食纤维和几种微量营养素摄入量较低，而 DST 分类为无风险者则相反。同样，处于风险中的组的血清 α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、隐黄质、叶黄素和玉米黄质水平明显较低，但与无风险者相比，视黄醇或甲基丙二酸的水平没有差异。DST 是一种识别有营养风险的中年成年人的有效工具。
